diff --git a/eslint.config.js b/eslint.config.js
index 5cd213d9d..b8cf75073 100644
--- a/eslint.config.js
+++ b/eslint.config.js
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ const configs = [
       "prettier-internal-rules/no-node-comments": [
         "error",
         {
-          file: "src/language-js/utilities/index.js",
+          file: "src/language-js/utilities/comments.js",
           functions: ["hasComment", "getComments"],
         },
         "src/language-js/pragma.js",
@@ -512,6 +512,12 @@ const configs = [
       ],
     },
   },
+  {
+    files: ["src/language-js/utilities/utilities.js"],
+    rules: {
+      "unicorn/prefer-export-from": ["error", { ignoreUsedVariables: false }],
+    },
+  },
 ];
 
 export default configs;
diff --git a/src/language-js/comments/can-attach-comment.js b/src/language-js/comments/can-attach-comment.js
index f08637ac6..f4ca1c492 100644
--- a/src/language-js/comments/can-attach-comment.js
+++ b/src/language-js/comments/can-attach-comment.js
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
+import { isMeaningfulEmptyStatement } from "../utilities/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js";
 import {
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
   getFunctionParameters,
-  isMeaningfulEmptyStatement,
   isMethod,
   isShorthandSpecifier,
   isTsAsConstExpression,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {Node} from "../types/estree.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/comments/handle-comments.js b/src/language-js/comments/handle-comments.js
index 815a5fc6f..85693ab9a 100644
--- a/src/language-js/comments/handle-comments.js
+++ b/src/language-js/comments/handle-comments.js
@@ -10,17 +10,11 @@ import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import { isInsideCallOrNewExpressionParentheses } from "../utilities/call-or-new-expression-parentheses.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import getTextWithoutComments from "../utilities/get-text-without-comments.js";
-import {
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  getCallArguments,
-  getFunctionParameters,
-  isMethod,
-  isObjectProperty,
-  isPrettierIgnoreComment,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import isBlockComment from "../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
 import isLineComment from "../utilities/is-line-comment.js";
+import { isPrettierIgnoreComment } from "../utilities/is-prettier-ignore-comment.js";
 import isTypeCastComment from "../utilities/is-type-cast-comment.js";
 import {
   isBinaryCastExpression,
@@ -31,6 +25,12 @@ import {
   isMemberExpression,
   isUnionType,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  getCallArguments,
+  getFunctionParameters,
+  isMethod,
+  isObjectProperty,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {Node, Comment, NodeMap} from "../types/estree.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/comments/will-print-own-comments.js b/src/language-js/comments/will-print-own-comments.js
index 35a3c479a..d72256a17 100644
--- a/src/language-js/comments/will-print-own-comments.js
+++ b/src/language-js/comments/will-print-own-comments.js
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-import {
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  hasNodeIgnoreComment,
-  isIifeCalleeOrTaggedTemplateExpressionTag,
-  shouldUnionTypePrintOwnComments,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
+import { hasNodeIgnoreComment } from "../utilities/has-node-ignore-comment.js";
 import { isJsxElement, isUnionType } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
 import { shouldExpressionStatementPrintOwnComments } from "../utilities/should-expression-statement-print-own-comments.js";
+import {
+  isIifeCalleeOrTaggedTemplateExpressionTag,
+  shouldUnionTypePrintOwnComments,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {Node} from "../types/estree.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/embed/css.js b/src/language-js/embed/css.js
index 0c3b901fa..f3171e760 100644
--- a/src/language-js/embed/css.js
+++ b/src/language-js/embed/css.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { printTemplateExpressions } from "../print/template-literal.js";
-import isNodeMatches from "../utilities/is-node-matches.js";
+import { isNodeMatches } from "../utilities/is-node-matches.js";
 import { isAngularComponentStyles } from "./utilities.js";
 
 async function printEmbedCss(textToDoc, print, path, options) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/embed/utilities.js b/src/language-js/embed/utilities.js
index 1fb097ec9..bdc954976 100644
--- a/src/language-js/embed/utilities.js
+++ b/src/language-js/embed/utilities.js
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  hasComment,
-  isObjectProperty,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import { isArrayExpression } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { isObjectProperty } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 const angularComponentObjectExpressionPredicates = [
   (node, name) => name === "properties" && node.type === "ObjectExpression",
diff --git a/src/language-js/massage-ast/index.js b/src/language-js/massage-ast/index.js
index dc65ebb25..4293b5064 100644
--- a/src/language-js/massage-ast/index.js
+++ b/src/language-js/massage-ast/index.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { isMeaningfulEmptyStatement } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { isMeaningfulEmptyStatement } from "../utilities/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js";
 import {
   isArrayExpression,
   isBigIntLiteral,
diff --git a/src/language-js/parentheses/chain-expression.js b/src/language-js/parentheses/chain-expression.js
index a1828a68f..bb05ecd7f 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parentheses/chain-expression.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parentheses/chain-expression.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 
 /**
 @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/parentheses/identifier.js b/src/language-js/parentheses/identifier.js
index 1a3ec0678..55306f019 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parentheses/identifier.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parentheses/identifier.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { startsWithNoLookaheadToken } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { isBinaryCastExpression } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { startsWithNoLookaheadToken } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 function shouldAddParenthesesToIdentifier(path) {
   const { node } = path;
diff --git a/src/language-js/parentheses/needs-parentheses.js b/src/language-js/parentheses/needs-parentheses.js
index 28e70cfe3..4a8a9652f 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parentheses/needs-parentheses.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parentheses/needs-parentheses.js
@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
-import {
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  getFunctionParameters,
-  getPrecedence,
-  hasComment,
-  isBitwiseOperator,
-  isNullishCoalescing,
-  isObjectProperty,
-  shouldFlatten,
-  startsWithNoLookaheadToken,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import {
   isArrayExpression,
   isBinaryCastExpression,
@@ -22,6 +13,15 @@ import {
   isReturnOrThrowStatement,
   isUnionType,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  getFunctionParameters,
+  getPrecedence,
+  isBitwiseOperator,
+  isNullishCoalescing,
+  isObjectProperty,
+  shouldFlatten,
+  startsWithNoLookaheadToken,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { shouldAddParenthesesToChainElement } from "./chain-expression.js";
 import { shouldAddParenthesesToIdentifier } from "./identifier.js";
 import { parentNeedsParentheses } from "./parent-needs-parentheses.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/parentheses/parent-needs-parentheses.js b/src/language-js/parentheses/parent-needs-parentheses.js
index 770dc1b43..d7087bd2c 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parentheses/parent-needs-parentheses.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parentheses/parent-needs-parentheses.js
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import {
-  getLeftSidePathName,
-  hasNakedLeftSide,
-  hasNode,
-  stripChainElementWrappers,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import {
   isCallExpression,
   isMemberExpression,
   isReturnOrThrowStatement,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
 import { returnArgumentHasLeadingComment } from "../utilities/return-statement-has-leading-comment.js";
+import {
+  getLeftSidePathName,
+  hasNakedLeftSide,
+  hasNode,
+  stripChainElementWrappers,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js
index 4dadfd6d4..0f5c8e365 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import * as assert from "#universal/assert";
 import { locEnd, locEndWithFullText, locStart } from "../../loc.js";
-import createTypeCheckFunction from "../../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import getRaw from "../../utilities/get-raw.js";
 import getTextWithoutComments from "../../utilities/get-text-without-comments.js";
 import isBlockComment from "../../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/angular.js b/src/language-js/print/angular.js
index e77d48029..59f48a9f9 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/angular.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/angular.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { group, join, line } from "../../document/index.js";
 import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
-import { createTypeCheckFunction, hasNode } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
+import { hasNode } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printBinaryishExpression } from "./binaryish.js";
 
 /** @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js" */
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/array.js b/src/language-js/print/array.js
index 91485f288..01784e1b7 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/array.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/array.js
@@ -13,18 +13,17 @@ import isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex from "../../utilities/is-next-line-empty.js";
 import skipInlineComment from "../../utilities/skip-inline-comment.js";
 import skipTrailingComment from "../../utilities/skip-trailing-comment.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  hasComment,
-  isSignedNumericLiteral,
-  shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import {
   isArrayExpression,
   isNumericLiteral,
   isObjectExpression,
   isTupleType,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  isSignedNumericLiteral,
+  shouldPrintComma,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import {
   printDanglingCommentsInList,
   printOptionalToken,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/arrow-function.js b/src/language-js/print/arrow-function.js
index 0586376c7..221b0a45f 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/arrow-function.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/arrow-function.js
@@ -14,15 +14,7 @@ import {
   printCommentsSeparately,
   printDanglingComments,
 } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  getFunctionParameters,
-  hasComment,
-  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
-  isTemplateOnItsOwnLine,
-  shouldPrintComma,
-  startsWithNoLookaheadToken,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import {
   isArrayExpression,
   isBinaryish,
@@ -30,6 +22,13 @@ import {
   isJsxElement,
   isObjectExpression,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  getFunctionParameters,
+  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
+  isTemplateOnItsOwnLine,
+  shouldPrintComma,
+  startsWithNoLookaheadToken,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printReturnType, shouldPrintParamsWithoutParens } from "./function.js";
 import { printFunctionParameters } from "./function-parameters.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/assignment.js b/src/language-js/print/assignment.js
index 30d378a30..106b6c6bb 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/assignment.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/assignment.js
@@ -10,12 +10,6 @@ import {
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import getStringWidth from "../../utilities/get-string-width.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import {
-  getCallArguments,
-  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
-  isLoneShortArgument,
-  isObjectProperty,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import {
   isBinaryish,
   isBooleanLiteral,
@@ -28,6 +22,12 @@ import {
   isTypeAlias,
   isUnionType,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  getCallArguments,
+  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
+  isLoneShortArgument,
+  isObjectProperty,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { shouldInlineLogicalExpression } from "./binaryish.js";
 import { printCallExpression } from "./call-expression.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/await-expression.js b/src/language-js/print/await-expression.js
index 50bd87bda..910f88be0 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/await-expression.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/await-expression.js
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { group, indent, softline } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { startsWithNoLookaheadToken } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import {
   isCallExpression,
   isMemberExpression,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { startsWithNoLookaheadToken } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/binaryish.js b/src/language-js/print/binaryish.js
index 651e1cc4f..3694ed9a3 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/binaryish.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/binaryish.js
@@ -14,14 +14,7 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  hasComment,
-  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
-  isBooleanTypeCoercion,
-  isObjectProperty,
-  shouldFlatten,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import isTypeCastComment from "../utilities/is-type-cast-comment.js";
 import {
   isArrayExpression,
@@ -32,6 +25,12 @@ import {
   isObjectExpression,
   isReturnOrThrowStatement,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
+  isBooleanTypeCoercion,
+  isObjectProperty,
+  shouldFlatten,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /** @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js" */
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/block.js b/src/language-js/print/block.js
index 3c3c4fce7..855a7e194 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/block.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/block.js
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 import { hardline, indent } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  hasComment,
-  isNextLineEmpty,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { isNextLineEmpty } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printStatementSequence } from "./statement-sequence.js";
 
 /** @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js" */
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/call-arguments.js b/src/language-js/print/call-arguments.js
index d33b3ee28..2257349d6 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/call-arguments.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/call-arguments.js
@@ -10,22 +10,7 @@ import {
   softline,
   willBreak,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  getCallArguments,
-  getCallArgumentSelector,
-  getFunctionParameters,
-  hasComment,
-  isFunctionCompositionArgs,
-  isLongCurriedCallExpression,
-  isNextLineEmpty,
-  isObjectProperty,
-  isSimpleCallArgument,
-  isSimpleType,
-  iterateCallArgumentsPath,
-  shouldPrintComma,
-  stripChainElementWrappers,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import {
   isArrayExpression,
   isBinaryCastExpression,
@@ -37,6 +22,20 @@ import {
   isRegExpLiteral,
   isStringLiteral,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  getCallArguments,
+  getCallArgumentSelector,
+  getFunctionParameters,
+  isFunctionCompositionArgs,
+  isLongCurriedCallExpression,
+  isNextLineEmpty,
+  isObjectProperty,
+  isSimpleCallArgument,
+  isSimpleType,
+  iterateCallArgumentsPath,
+  shouldPrintComma,
+  stripChainElementWrappers,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { isConciselyPrintedArray } from "./array.js";
 import { printDanglingCommentsInList } from "./miscellaneous.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/call-expression.js b/src/language-js/print/call-expression.js
index ca10b9461..ccc35ee66 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/call-expression.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/call-expression.js
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { group, join, lineSuffixBoundary } from "../../document/index.js";
 import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
-import {
-  getCallArguments,
-  hasComment,
-  isMemberish,
-  isNodeMatches,
-  isTemplateOnItsOwnLine,
-  iterateCallArgumentsPath,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { isNodeMatches } from "../utilities/is-node-matches.js";
 import { isCallExpression, isStringLiteral } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
 import { isTestCall } from "../utilities/test-libraries.js";
+import {
+  getCallArguments,
+  isMemberish,
+  isTemplateOnItsOwnLine,
+  iterateCallArgumentsPath,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import printCallArguments from "./call-arguments.js";
 import printMemberChain from "./member-chain.js";
 import { printOptionalToken } from "./miscellaneous.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/class-body.js b/src/language-js/print/class-body.js
index 53c6b47e7..4bc9d9c9b 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/class-body.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/class-body.js
@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
   getComments,
   hasComment,
-  isNextLineEmpty,
-  shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
+import { isNextLineEmpty, shouldPrintComma } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { shouldHugTheOnlyParameter } from "./function-parameters.js";
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/class.js b/src/language-js/print/class.js
index 4bd7e137c..2f278e119 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/class.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/class.js
@@ -14,13 +14,10 @@ import {
 } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import createGroupIdMapper from "../../utilities/create-group-id-mapper.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  hasComment,
-  stripChainElementWrappers,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import { isMemberExpression } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { stripChainElementWrappers } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printAssignment } from "./assignment.js";
 import { printClassMemberDecorators } from "./decorators.js";
 import { printMethod } from "./function.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/estree.js b/src/language-js/print/estree.js
index 35e1e1104..a01d0d891 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/estree.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/estree.js
@@ -7,17 +7,14 @@ import {
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  hasComment,
-  isMeaningfulEmptyStatement,
-  isMethod,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { isMeaningfulEmptyStatement } from "../utilities/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js";
 import {
   isArrayExpression,
   isLiteral,
   isObjectExpression,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { isMethod } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printArray } from "./array.js";
 import { printArrowFunction } from "./arrow-function.js";
 import {
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/expression-statement.js b/src/language-js/print/expression-statement.js
index df6e2e123..490037038 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/expression-statement.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/expression-statement.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   isSingleVueEventBindingExpressionStatement,
   shouldExpressionStatementPrintLeadingSemicolon,
 } from "../semicolon/semicolon.js";
-import { CommentCheckFlags, getComments } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, getComments } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import { shouldExpressionStatementPrintOwnComments } from "../utilities/should-expression-statement-print-own-comments.js";
 import {
   isVueEventBindingFunctionExpression,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/flow.js b/src/language-js/print/flow.js
index d759af6b5..725b2f895 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/flow.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/flow.js
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import { replaceEndOfLine } from "../../document/index.js";
 import printNumber from "../../utilities/print-number.js";
 import printString from "../../utilities/print-string.js";
 import getRaw from "../utilities/get-raw.js";
-import { isMethod } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import isFlowKeywordType from "../utilities/is-flow-keyword-type.js";
+import { isMethod } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printArray } from "./array.js";
 import { printArrayType } from "./array-type.js";
 import { printBinaryCastExpression } from "./cast-expression.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/function-parameters.js b/src/language-js/print/function-parameters.js
index 319b17fc8..c6a3773d3 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/function-parameters.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/function-parameters.js
@@ -10,9 +10,15 @@ import {
   willBreak,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import { hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import {
+  isArrayExpression,
+  isObjectExpression,
+  isObjectType,
+} from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { isTestCall } from "../utilities/test-libraries.js";
 import {
   getFunctionParameters,
-  hasComment,
   hasRestParameter,
   isFlowObjectTypePropertyAFunction,
   isNextLineEmpty,
@@ -20,13 +26,7 @@ import {
   isTypeAnnotationAFunction,
   iterateFunctionParametersPath,
   shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
-import {
-  isArrayExpression,
-  isObjectExpression,
-  isObjectType,
-} from "../utilities/node-types.js";
-import { isTestCall } from "../utilities/test-libraries.js";
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printDanglingCommentsInList } from "./miscellaneous.js";
 
 /** @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js" */
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/function-type.js b/src/language-js/print/function-type.js
index 649c9d8d5..2c54b87e5 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/function-type.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/function-type.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { group } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { hasSameLocStart } from "../loc.js";
-import { isFlowObjectTypePropertyAFunction } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { isFlowObjectTypePropertyAFunction } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printClassMemberSemicolon } from "./class.js";
 import {
   printFunctionParameters,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/function.js b/src/language-js/print/function.js
index 616fa731e..78c1aefb9 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/function.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/function.js
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import * as assert from "#universal/assert";
 import { group } from "../../document/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { isCallExpression } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
 import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
   getCallArguments,
   getFunctionParameters,
-  hasComment,
   isMethod,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
-import { isCallExpression } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import {
   printFunctionParameters,
   shouldBreakFunctionParameters,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/if-statement.js b/src/language-js/print/if-statement.js
index 9f04b1859..6d070c501 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/if-statement.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/if-statement.js
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import { group, hardline } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  hasComment,
-  needsHardlineAfterDanglingComment,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { needsHardlineAfterDanglingComment } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { adjustClause, printIfStatementCondition } from "./miscellaneous.js";
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/index-signature.js b/src/language-js/print/index-signature.js
index 4c5dd374b..7f07246d9 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/index-signature.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/index-signature.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
   join,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { shouldPrintComma } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { shouldPrintComma } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printClassMemberSemicolon } from "./class.js";
 import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/index.js b/src/language-js/print/index.js
index 6b4f79c9c..3dd7c68db 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/index.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/index.js
@@ -8,13 +8,10 @@ import {
 import { printComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  hasComment,
-  isIifeCalleeOrTaggedTemplateExpressionTag,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import isIgnored from "../utilities/is-ignored.js";
+import { isIifeCalleeOrTaggedTemplateExpressionTag } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printAngular } from "./angular.js";
 import { printDecorators } from "./decorators.js";
 import { printEstree } from "./estree.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/intersection-type.js b/src/language-js/print/intersection-type.js
index b650e3c7a..392610599 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/intersection-type.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/intersection-type.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { group, indent, line } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { hasLeadingOwnLineComment } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { isObjectType } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { hasLeadingOwnLineComment } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 // `TSIntersectionType` and `IntersectionTypeAnnotation`
 function printIntersectionType(path, options, print) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/jsx.js b/src/language-js/print/jsx.js
index 82856a107..9e8567c6e 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/jsx.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/jsx.js
@@ -20,16 +20,12 @@ import {
 } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import { getPreferredQuote } from "../../utilities/get-preferred-quote.js";
 import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
-import WhitespaceUtilities from "../../utilities/whitespace-utilities.js";
 import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import getRaw from "../utilities/get-raw.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  hasComment,
-  hasNodeIgnoreComment,
-  stripChainElementWrappers,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { isMeaningfulJsxText } from "../utilities/is-meaningful-jsx-text.js";
+import { jsxWhitespace } from "../utilities/jsx-whitespace.js";
 import {
   isArrayExpression,
   isBinaryish,
@@ -38,6 +34,7 @@ import {
   isObjectExpression,
   isStringLiteral,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { stripChainElementWrappers } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js";
@@ -45,16 +42,6 @@ import {
 @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js";
 */
 
-/*
-Only the following are treated as whitespace inside JSX.
-
-- U+0020 SPACE
-- U+000A LF
-- U+000D CR
-- U+0009 TAB
-*/
-const jsxWhitespace = new WhitespaceUtilities(" \n\r\t");
-
 const isEmptyStringOrAnyLine = (doc) =>
   doc === "" || doc === line || doc === hardline || doc === softline;
 
@@ -855,20 +842,6 @@ function isEmptyJsxElement(node) {
   return child.type === "JSXText" && !isMeaningfulJsxText(child);
 }
 
-// Meaningful if it contains non-whitespace characters,
-// or it contains whitespace without a new line.
-/**
- * @param {Node} node
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-function isMeaningfulJsxText(node) {
-  return (
-    node.type === "JSXText" &&
-    (jsxWhitespace.hasNonWhitespaceCharacter(getRaw(node)) ||
-      !/\n/.test(getRaw(node)))
-  );
-}
-
 // Detect an expression node representing `{" "}`
 function isJsxWhitespaceExpression(node) {
   return (
@@ -879,33 +852,4 @@ function isJsxWhitespaceExpression(node) {
   );
 }
 
-/**
- * @param {AstPath} path
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-function hasJsxIgnoreComment(path) {
-  const { node, parent } = path;
-  if (!isJsxElement(node) || !isJsxElement(parent)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Lookup the previous sibling, ignoring any empty JSXText elements
-  const { index, siblings } = path;
-  let prevSibling;
-  for (let i = index; i > 0; i--) {
-    const candidate = siblings[i - 1];
-    if (candidate.type === "JSXText" && !isMeaningfulJsxText(candidate)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    prevSibling = candidate;
-    break;
-  }
-
-  return (
-    prevSibling?.type === "JSXExpressionContainer" &&
-    prevSibling.expression.type === "JSXEmptyExpression" &&
-    hasNodeIgnoreComment(prevSibling.expression)
-  );
-}
-
-export { hasJsxIgnoreComment, printJsx };
+export { printJsx };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/mapped-type.js b/src/language-js/print/mapped-type.js
index adc0e4135..f76f3ed8e 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/mapped-type.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/mapped-type.js
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
 import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, getComments } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import getTextWithoutComments from "../utilities/get-text-without-comments.js";
-import { CommentCheckFlags, getComments } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import isLineComment from "../utilities/is-line-comment.js";
 import { printClassMemberSemicolon } from "./class.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/match.js b/src/language-js/print/match.js
index 2235779a3..11283e15a 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/match.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/match.js
@@ -13,13 +13,12 @@ import {
   printDanglingComments,
 } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  hasComment,
   hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
   isNextLineEmpty,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /*
 - `MatchExpression` (Flow)
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/member-chain.js b/src/language-js/print/member-chain.js
index 7fdd0886f..2a30cbf93 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/member-chain.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/member-chain.js
@@ -13,20 +13,19 @@ import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex from "../../utilities/get-next-no
 import isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex from "../../utilities/is-next-line-empty.js";
 import { locEnd } from "../loc.js";
 import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  hasComment,
-  isLongCurriedCallExpression,
-  isMemberish,
-  isNextLineEmpty,
-  isSimpleCallArgument,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import {
   isCallExpression,
   isFunctionOrArrowExpression,
   isMemberExpression,
   isNumericLiteral,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  isLongCurriedCallExpression,
+  isMemberish,
+  isNextLineEmpty,
+  isSimpleCallArgument,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printBindExpressionCallee } from "./bind-expression.js";
 import printCallArguments from "./call-arguments.js";
 import { printMemberLookup } from "./member.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/member.js b/src/language-js/print/member.js
index 0685b8fd4..4ff745998 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/member.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/member.js
@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@ import {
   lineSuffixBoundary,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import {
-  getCallArguments,
-  stripChainElementWrappers,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import {
   isCallExpression,
   isChainElementWrapper,
   isMemberExpression,
   isNumericLiteral,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  getCallArguments,
+  stripChainElementWrappers,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printOptionalToken } from "./miscellaneous.js";
 
 const isCallExpressionWithArguments = (node) =>
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/miscellaneous.js b/src/language-js/print/miscellaneous.js
index 5788281ec..3ecdbc9e9 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/miscellaneous.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/miscellaneous.js
@@ -6,11 +6,8 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  hasComment,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import {
   isCallExpression,
   isMemberExpression,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/module.js b/src/language-js/print/module.js
index db7f451a8..4310d4bac 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/module.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/module.js
@@ -12,16 +12,15 @@ import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import getTextWithoutComments from "../utilities/get-text-without-comments.js";
+import { isStringLiteral } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
 import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  hasComment,
   isShorthandSpecifier,
   needsHardlineAfterDanglingComment,
   shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
-import { isStringLiteral } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printDecoratorsBeforeExport } from "./decorators.js";
 import { printDeclareToken } from "./miscellaneous.js";
 import { printObject } from "./object.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/object.js b/src/language-js/print/object.js
index a7a1bc99b..40377d91b 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/object.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/object.js
@@ -12,16 +12,15 @@ import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
 import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
-import getTextWithoutComments from "../utilities/get-text-without-comments.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
   getComments,
   hasComment,
-  isNextLineEmpty,
-  shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
+import getTextWithoutComments from "../utilities/get-text-without-comments.js";
 import { isObjectType } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { isNextLineEmpty, shouldPrintComma } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { shouldHugTheOnlyParameter } from "./function-parameters.js";
 import {
   printDanglingCommentsInList,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/return-statement.js b/src/language-js/print/return-statement.js
index 4efcf2277..bc246d4f3 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/return-statement.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/return-statement.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import { isBinaryish } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
 import { returnArgumentHasLeadingComment } from "../utilities/return-statement-has-leading-comment.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/statement-sequence.js b/src/language-js/print/statement-sequence.js
index 80331cf35..dd4efc4e3 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/statement-sequence.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/statement-sequence.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { hardline } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { isNextLineEmpty } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { isNextLineEmpty } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/switch-statement.js b/src/language-js/print/switch-statement.js
index cf2081dac..02577c903 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/switch-statement.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/switch-statement.js
@@ -6,11 +6,8 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  hasComment,
-  isNextLineEmpty,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { isNextLineEmpty } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printStatementSequence } from "./statement-sequence.js";
 
 function printSwitchStatement(path, options, print) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js b/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js
index 867ed76e0..ac1fb01d0 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   getComments,
   hasComment,
-  stripChainElementWrappers,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import {
   isBinaryCastExpression,
   isBinaryish,
   isMemberExpression,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { stripChainElementWrappers } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/ternary.js b/src/language-js/print/ternary.js
index 93d289cb1..bab09ce2c 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/ternary.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/ternary.js
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   getComments,
   hasComment,
-  isLoneShortArgument,
-  isSimpleExpressionByNodeCount,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import isBlockComment from "../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
 import {
   isBinaryCastExpression,
@@ -29,6 +27,10 @@ import {
   isMemberExpression,
   isReturnOrThrowStatement,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  isLoneShortArgument,
+  isSimpleExpressionByNodeCount,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { printTernaryOld } from "./ternary-old.js";
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/try-statement.js b/src/language-js/print/try-statement.js
index c1af19e35..1675fd71a 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/try-statement.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/try-statement.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { indent, softline } from "../../document/index.js";
 import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
-import { hasComment } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import isBlockComment from "../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
 
 function printTryStatement(path, options, print) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js b/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
index 099ddafc2..02578ea7a 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  hasComment,
-  isSimpleType,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import { isObjectType, isUnionType } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import { isSimpleType } from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { shouldHugUnionType } from "./union-type.js";
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-parameters.js b/src/language-js/print/type-parameters.js
index 5e8990ee8..5f5d4cf79 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/type-parameters.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-parameters.js
@@ -12,14 +12,13 @@ import {
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
 import { locEnd } from "../loc.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  getFunctionParameters,
-  hasComment,
-  shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import { isObjectType } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
 import { isTestCall } from "../utilities/test-libraries.js";
+import {
+  getFunctionParameters,
+  shouldPrintComma,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 import { isArrowFunctionVariableDeclarator } from "./assignment.js";
 import {
   printTypeAnnotationProperty,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/union-type.js b/src/language-js/print/union-type.js
index 5134cd27f..8b6877697 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/union-type.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/union-type.js
@@ -12,18 +12,17 @@ import {
   printCommentsSeparately,
 } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
 import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
-import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
-  hasComment,
-  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
-  shouldUnionTypePrintOwnComments,
-} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 import {
   isConditionalType,
   isTupleType,
   isTypeAlias,
 } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
+  shouldUnionTypePrintOwnComments,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/variable-declaration.js b/src/language-js/print/variable-declaration.js
index 71978af8e..acf2e03f6 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/variable-declaration.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/variable-declaration.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { group, hardline, indent, line } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { hasComment } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { hasComment } from "../utilities/comments.js";
 import { printDeclareToken } from "./miscellaneous.js";
 
 function printVariableDeclaration(path, options, print) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/semicolon/semicolon.js b/src/language-js/semicolon/semicolon.js
index d390a45f2..7135a6143 100644
--- a/src/language-js/semicolon/semicolon.js
+++ b/src/language-js/semicolon/semicolon.js
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
 import { shouldPrintParamsWithoutParens } from "../print/function.js";
-import { getLeftSidePathName, hasNakedLeftSide } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { isJsxElement } from "../utilities/node-types.js";
+import {
+  getLeftSidePathName,
+  hasNakedLeftSide,
+} from "../utilities/utilities.js";
 
 function shouldExpressionStatementPrintLeadingSemicolon(path, options) {
   if (options.semi) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/comments.js b/src/language-js/utilities/comments.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f4c758ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/comments.js
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isBlockComment from "./is-block-comment.js";
+import isLineComment from "./is-line-comment.js";
+import { isPrettierIgnoreComment } from "./is-prettier-ignore-comment.js";
+
+/**
+@import {
+  Node,
+  Comment,
+} from "../types/estree.js";
+@import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js";
+*/
+
+/** @enum {number} */
+const CommentCheckFlags = {
+  /** Check comment is a leading comment */
+  Leading: 1 << 1,
+  /** Check comment is a trailing comment */
+  Trailing: 1 << 2,
+  /** Check comment is a dangling comment */
+  Dangling: 1 << 3,
+  /** Check comment is a block comment */
+  Block: 1 << 4,
+  /** Check comment is a line comment */
+  Line: 1 << 5,
+  /** Check comment is a `prettier-ignore` comment */
+  PrettierIgnore: 1 << 6,
+  /** Check comment is the first attached comment */
+  First: 1 << 7,
+  /** Check comment is the last attached comment */
+  Last: 1 << 8,
+};
+
+const getCommentTestFunction = (flags, fn) => {
+  if (typeof flags === "function") {
+    fn = flags;
+    flags = 0;
+  }
+  if (flags || fn) {
+    return (comment, index, comments) =>
+      !(
+        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Leading && !comment.leading) ||
+        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Trailing && !comment.trailing) ||
+        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Dangling &&
+          (comment.leading || comment.trailing)) ||
+        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Block && !isBlockComment(comment)) ||
+        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Line && !isLineComment(comment)) ||
+        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.First && index !== 0) ||
+        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Last && index !== comments.length - 1) ||
+        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.PrettierIgnore &&
+          !isPrettierIgnoreComment(comment)) ||
+        (fn && !fn(comment))
+      );
+  }
+};
+/**
+ * @param {Node} node
+ * @param {number | function} [flags]
+ * @param {function} [fn]
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function hasComment(node, flags, fn) {
+  if (!isNonEmptyArray(node?.comments)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const test = getCommentTestFunction(flags, fn);
+  return test ? node.comments.some(test) : true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Node} node
+ * @param {number | function} [flags]
+ * @param {function} [fn]
+ * @returns {Comment[]}
+ */
+function getComments(node, flags, fn) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(node?.comments)) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const test = getCommentTestFunction(flags, fn);
+  return test ? node.comments.filter(test) : node.comments;
+}
+
+export { CommentCheckFlags, getComments, hasComment };
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/create-type-check-function.js b/src/language-js/utilities/create-type-check-function.js
index 212c26748..657b0abc9 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/create-type-check-function.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/create-type-check-function.js
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ function createTypeCheckFunction(typesArray) {
   return (node) => types.has(node?.type);
 }
 
-export default createTypeCheckFunction;
+export { createTypeCheckFunction };
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/has-jsx-ignore-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/has-jsx-ignore-comment.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3ed5477c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/has-jsx-ignore-comment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { hasNodeIgnoreComment } from "./has-node-ignore-comment.js";
+import { isMeaningfulJsxText } from "./is-meaningful-jsx-text.js";
+import { isJsxElement } from "./node-types.js";
+
+/**
+@import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js";
+@import {Node} from "../types/estree.js";
+*/
+
+/**
+ * @param {AstPath} path
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function hasJsxIgnoreComment(path) {
+  const { node, parent } = path;
+  if (!isJsxElement(node) || !isJsxElement(parent)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Lookup the previous sibling, ignoring any empty JSXText elements
+  const { index, siblings } = path;
+  let prevSibling;
+  for (let i = index; i > 0; i--) {
+    const candidate = siblings[i - 1];
+    if (candidate.type === "JSXText" && !isMeaningfulJsxText(candidate)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    prevSibling = candidate;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    prevSibling?.type === "JSXExpressionContainer" &&
+    prevSibling.expression.type === "JSXEmptyExpression" &&
+    hasNodeIgnoreComment(prevSibling.expression)
+  );
+}
+
+export { hasJsxIgnoreComment };
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/has-node-ignore-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/has-node-ignore-comment.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea439fa09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/has-node-ignore-comment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "./comments.js";
+
+function hasNodeIgnoreComment(node) {
+  return (
+    node?.prettierIgnore || hasComment(node, CommentCheckFlags.PrettierIgnore)
+  );
+}
+
+export { hasNodeIgnoreComment };
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/is-block-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-block-comment.js
index eb01ca2ce..0211d8091 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/is-block-comment.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-block-comment.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createTypeCheckFunction from "./create-type-check-function.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "./create-type-check-function.js";
 
 /**
 @import {Comment} from "../types/estree.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/is-flow-keyword-type.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-flow-keyword-type.js
index 58de9bb52..e8fd31a27 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/is-flow-keyword-type.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-flow-keyword-type.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createTypeCheckFunction from "./create-type-check-function.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "./create-type-check-function.js";
 
 const isFlowKeywordType = createTypeCheckFunction([
   "AnyTypeAnnotation",
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/is-ignored.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-ignored.js
index a2ec0857e..06c22689c 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/is-ignored.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-ignored.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { hasJsxIgnoreComment } from "../print/jsx.js";
-import { hasNodeIgnoreComment } from "./index.js";
+import { hasJsxIgnoreComment } from "./has-jsx-ignore-comment.js";
+import { hasNodeIgnoreComment } from "./has-node-ignore-comment.js";
 
 function isIgnored(path) {
   return hasNodeIgnoreComment(path.node) || hasJsxIgnoreComment(path);
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/is-line-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-line-comment.js
index 8c70b4494..16e67ae45 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/is-line-comment.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-line-comment.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createTypeCheckFunction from "./create-type-check-function.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "./create-type-check-function.js";
 
 /**
 @import {Comment} from "../types/estree.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js
index e5d1242a2..8f01e2c57 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ function isMeaningfulEmptyStatement({ node, parent }) {
   return false;
 }
 
-export default isMeaningfulEmptyStatement;
+export { isMeaningfulEmptyStatement };
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/is-meaningful-jsx-text.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-meaningful-jsx-text.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47279befc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-meaningful-jsx-text.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import getRaw from "./get-raw.js";
+import { jsxWhitespace } from "./jsx-whitespace.js";
+
+/**
+@import {Node} from "../types/estree.js";
+*/
+
+// Meaningful if it contains non-whitespace characters,
+// or it contains whitespace without a new line.
+/**
+ * @param {Node} node
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function isMeaningfulJsxText(node) {
+  return (
+    node.type === "JSXText" &&
+    (jsxWhitespace.hasNonWhitespaceCharacter(getRaw(node)) ||
+      !/\n/.test(getRaw(node)))
+  );
+}
+
+export { isMeaningfulJsxText };
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/is-node-matches.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-node-matches.js
index 79d62f361..c79310944 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/is-node-matches.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-node-matches.js
@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ function isNodeMatches(node, nameOrPaths) {
   );
 }
 
-export default isNodeMatches;
+export { isNodeMatches };
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/is-prettier-ignore-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-prettier-ignore-comment.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a5b50856
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-prettier-ignore-comment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+function isPrettierIgnoreComment(comment) {
+  return comment.value.trim() === "prettier-ignore" && !comment.unignore;
+}
+
+export { isPrettierIgnoreComment };
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/jsx-whitespace.js b/src/language-js/utilities/jsx-whitespace.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cebea8486
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/jsx-whitespace.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import WhitespaceUtilities from "../../utilities/whitespace-utilities.js";
+
+/*
+Only the following are treated as whitespace inside JSX.
+
+- U+0020 SPACE
+- U+000A LF
+- U+000D CR
+- U+0009 TAB
+*/
+const jsxWhitespace = new WhitespaceUtilities(" \n\r\t");
+
+export { jsxWhitespace };
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/node-types.js b/src/language-js/utilities/node-types.js
index db2c24efd..d7ccb4043 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/node-types.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/node-types.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createTypeCheckFunction from "./create-type-check-function.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "./create-type-check-function.js";
 
 /**
 @import {
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/return-statement-has-leading-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/return-statement-has-leading-comment.js
index ff81453aa..c59d320f1 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/return-statement-has-leading-comment.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/return-statement-has-leading-comment.js
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "./comments.js";
+import { isJsxElement } from "./node-types.js";
 import {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
   getLeftSide,
-  hasComment,
   hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
   hasNakedLeftSide,
-} from "./index.js";
-import { isJsxElement } from "./node-types.js";
+} from "./utilities.js";
 
 // This recurses the return argument, looking for the first token
 // (the leftmost leaf node) and, if it (or its parents) has any
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/should-expression-statement-print-own-comments.js b/src/language-js/utilities/should-expression-statement-print-own-comments.js
index 493f6f8a2..48f3f3ea7 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/should-expression-statement-print-own-comments.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/should-expression-statement-print-own-comments.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { shouldExpressionStatementPrintLeadingSemicolon } from "../semicolon/semicolon.js";
-import { CommentCheckFlags, getComments } from "./index.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, getComments } from "./comments.js";
 import isTypeCastComment from "./is-type-cast-comment.js";
 
 function shouldExpressionStatementPrintOwnComments(path, options) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/test-libraries.js b/src/language-js/utilities/test-libraries.js
index e52c4ceb6..a1962721e 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/test-libraries.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/test-libraries.js
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-import { getCallArguments, getFunctionParameters } from "./index.js";
-import isNodeMatches from "./is-node-matches.js";
+import { isNodeMatches } from "./is-node-matches.js";
 import {
   isCallExpression,
   isFunctionOrArrowExpression,
   isNumericLiteral,
   isStringLiteral,
 } from "./node-types.js";
+import { getCallArguments, getFunctionParameters } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/index.js b/src/language-js/utilities/utilities.js
similarity index 88%
rename from src/language-js/utilities/index.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/utilities.js
index 126fff5ae..f13d4410d 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/index.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/utilities.js
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { hasDescendant } from "../../utilities/ast.js";
 import getStringWidth from "../../utilities/get-string-width.js";
 import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
 import isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex from "../../utilities/is-next-line-empty.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import isObject from "../../utilities/is-object.js";
 import printString from "../../utilities/print-string.js";
 import {
@@ -13,11 +12,12 @@ import {
   locStart,
 } from "../loc.js";
 import getVisitorKeys from "../traverse/get-visitor-keys.js";
-import createTypeCheckFunction from "./create-type-check-function.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, getComments, hasComment } from "./comments.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "./create-type-check-function.js";
 import getRaw from "./get-raw.js";
+import { hasNodeIgnoreComment } from "./has-node-ignore-comment.js";
 import isBlockComment from "./is-block-comment.js";
 import isFlowKeywordType from "./is-flow-keyword-type.js";
-import isLineComment from "./is-line-comment.js";
 import isTsKeywordType from "./is-ts-keyword-type.js";
 import {
   isArrayExpression,
@@ -760,86 +760,6 @@ function getCallArgumentSelector(node, index) {
   throw new RangeError("Invalid argument index");
 }
 
-function isPrettierIgnoreComment(comment) {
-  return comment.value.trim() === "prettier-ignore" && !comment.unignore;
-}
-
-function hasNodeIgnoreComment(node) {
-  return (
-    node?.prettierIgnore || hasComment(node, CommentCheckFlags.PrettierIgnore)
-  );
-}
-
-/** @enum {number} */
-const CommentCheckFlags = {
-  /** Check comment is a leading comment */
-  Leading: 1 << 1,
-  /** Check comment is a trailing comment */
-  Trailing: 1 << 2,
-  /** Check comment is a dangling comment */
-  Dangling: 1 << 3,
-  /** Check comment is a block comment */
-  Block: 1 << 4,
-  /** Check comment is a line comment */
-  Line: 1 << 5,
-  /** Check comment is a `prettier-ignore` comment */
-  PrettierIgnore: 1 << 6,
-  /** Check comment is the first attached comment */
-  First: 1 << 7,
-  /** Check comment is the last attached comment */
-  Last: 1 << 8,
-};
-
-const getCommentTestFunction = (flags, fn) => {
-  if (typeof flags === "function") {
-    fn = flags;
-    flags = 0;
-  }
-  if (flags || fn) {
-    return (comment, index, comments) =>
-      !(
-        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Leading && !comment.leading) ||
-        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Trailing && !comment.trailing) ||
-        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Dangling &&
-          (comment.leading || comment.trailing)) ||
-        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Block && !isBlockComment(comment)) ||
-        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Line && !isLineComment(comment)) ||
-        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.First && index !== 0) ||
-        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.Last && index !== comments.length - 1) ||
-        (flags & CommentCheckFlags.PrettierIgnore &&
-          !isPrettierIgnoreComment(comment)) ||
-        (fn && !fn(comment))
-      );
-  }
-};
-/**
- * @param {Node} node
- * @param {number | function} [flags]
- * @param {function} [fn]
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-function hasComment(node, flags, fn) {
-  if (!isNonEmptyArray(node?.comments)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  const test = getCommentTestFunction(flags, fn);
-  return test ? node.comments.some(test) : true;
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {Node} node
- * @param {number | function} [flags]
- * @param {function} [fn]
- * @returns {Comment[]}
- */
-function getComments(node, flags, fn) {
-  if (!Array.isArray(node?.comments)) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  const test = getCommentTestFunction(flags, fn);
-  return test ? node.comments.filter(test) : node.comments;
-}
-
 /**
  * @param {Node} node
  * @returns {boolean}
@@ -959,20 +879,15 @@ function stripChainElementWrappers(node) {
 }
 
 export {
-  CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
   getCallArguments,
   getCallArgumentSelector,
-  getComments,
   getFunctionParameters,
   getLeftSide,
   getLeftSidePathName,
   getPrecedence,
-  hasComment,
   hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
   hasNakedLeftSide,
   hasNode,
-  hasNodeIgnoreComment,
   hasRestParameter,
   isBitwiseOperator,
   isBooleanTypeCoercion,
@@ -986,7 +901,6 @@ export {
   isNextLineEmpty,
   isNullishCoalescing,
   isObjectProperty,
-  isPrettierIgnoreComment,
   isShorthandSpecifier,
   isSignedNumericLiteral,
   isSimpleCallArgument,
@@ -1004,5 +918,3 @@ export {
   startsWithNoLookaheadToken,
   stripChainElementWrappers,
 };
-export { default as isMeaningfulEmptyStatement } from "./is-meaningful-empty-statement.js";
-export { default as isNodeMatches } from "./is-node-matches.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/utilities/vue-event-binding.js b/src/language-js/utilities/vue-event-binding.js
index 1477ff1da..736a5d7ae 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utilities/vue-event-binding.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/vue-event-binding.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createTypeCheckFunction from "./create-type-check-function.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
 
 // https://github.com/vuejs/core/blob/35785f3cd7bd86cbec3f8324022491da2d088b61/packages/compiler-core/src/babelUtils.ts#L498
 const isVueEventBindingTsNode = createTypeCheckFunction([