diff --git a/src/common/ast-path.js b/src/common/ast-path.js
index 7f44a3780..41f379d1a 100644
--- a/src/common/ast-path.js
+++ b/src/common/ast-path.js
@@ -3,64 +3,78 @@ class AstPath {
     this.stack = [value];
   }
 
+  /** @type {string | null} */
   get key() {
     const { stack, siblings } = this;
     return stack.at(siblings === null ? -2 : -4) ?? null;
   }
 
+  /** @type {number | null} */
   get index() {
     return this.siblings === null ? null : this.stack.at(-2);
   }
 
+  /** @type {object} */
   get node() {
     return this.stack.at(-1);
   }
 
+  /** @type {object | null} */
   get parent() {
     return this.getNode(1);
   }
 
+  /** @type {object | null} */
   get grandparent() {
     return this.getNode(2);
   }
 
+  /** @type {boolean} */
   get isInArray() {
     return this.siblings !== null;
   }
 
+  /** @type {object[] | null} */
   get siblings() {
     const { stack } = this;
     const maybeArray = stack.at(-3);
     return Array.isArray(maybeArray) ? maybeArray : null;
   }
 
+  /** @type {object | null} */
   get next() {
     const { siblings } = this;
     return siblings === null ? null : siblings[this.index + 1];
   }
 
+  /** @type {object | null} */
   get previous() {
     const { siblings } = this;
     return siblings === null ? null : siblings[this.index - 1];
   }
 
+  /** @type {boolean} */
   get isFirst() {
     return this.index === 0;
   }
 
+  /** @type {boolean} */
   get isLast() {
     const { siblings, index } = this;
     return siblings !== null && index === siblings.length - 1;
   }
 
+  /** @type {boolean} */
   get isRoot() {
     return this.stack.length === 1;
   }
 
+  /** @type {object} */
   get root() {
     return this.stack[0];
   }
 
+  /** @type {object[]} */
   get ancestors() {
     return [...this.#getAncestors()];
   }
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/class.js b/src/language-js/print/class.js
index 0035b84d1..b42591ca0 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/class.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/class.js
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import {
   printOptionalToken,
   printDefiniteToken,
   printDeclareToken,
+  printAbstractToken,
   printTypeScriptAccessibilityToken,
 } from "./misc.js";
 import { printPropertyKey } from "./property.js";
@@ -50,11 +51,7 @@ const isClassProperty = createTypeCheckFunction([
 function printClass(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
   /** @type {Doc[]} */
-  const parts = [
-    printDeclareToken(path),
-    node.abstract ? "abstract " : "",
-    "class",
-  ];
+  const parts = [printDeclareToken(path), printAbstractToken(path), "class"];
 
   // Keep old behaviour of extends in same line
   // If there is only on extends and there are not comments
@@ -187,9 +184,9 @@ function printClassMethod(path, options, print) {
   if (node.static) {
     parts.push("static ");
   }
-  if (node.type === "TSAbstractMethodDefinition" || node.abstract) {
-    parts.push("abstract ");
-  }
+
+  parts.push(printAbstractToken(path));
+
   if (node.override) {
     parts.push("override ");
   }
@@ -213,13 +210,9 @@ function printClassProperty(path, options, print) {
   if (node.static) {
     parts.push("static ");
   }
-  if (
-    node.type === "TSAbstractPropertyDefinition" ||
-    node.type === "TSAbstractAccessorProperty" ||
-    node.abstract
-  ) {
-    parts.push("abstract ");
-  }
+
+  parts.push(printAbstractToken(path));
+
   if (node.override) {
     parts.push("override ");
   }
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/misc.js b/src/language-js/print/misc.js
index d1a738eb7..367b0176f 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/misc.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/misc.js
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 import { indent, line } from "../../document/builders.js";
 import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
 
+/**
+ * @typedef {import("../../common/ast-path.js").default} AstPath
+ * @typedef {import("../../document/builders.js").Doc} Doc
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @param {AstPath} path
+ * @returns {Doc}
+ */
 function printOptionalToken(path) {
   const { node } = path;
   if (
@@ -21,6 +30,10 @@ function printOptionalToken(path) {
   return "?";
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {AstPath} path
+ * @returns {Doc}
+ */
 function printDefiniteToken(path) {
   return path.node.definite ||
     path.match(
@@ -43,6 +56,10 @@ const flowDeclareNodeTypes = new Set([
   "DeclareEnum",
   "DeclareInterface",
 ]);
+/**
+ * @param {AstPath} path
+ * @returns {Doc}
+ */
 function printDeclareToken(path) {
   const { node } = path;
 
@@ -57,6 +74,19 @@ function printDeclareToken(path) {
   );
 }
 
+const tsAbstractNodeTypes = new Set([
+  "TSAbstractMethodDefinition",
+  "TSAbstractPropertyDefinition",
+  "TSAbstractAccessorProperty",
+]);
+/**
+ * @param {AstPath} param0
+ * @returns {Doc}
+ */
+function printAbstractToken({ node }) {
+  return node.abstract || tsAbstractNodeTypes.has(node.type) ? "abstract " : "";
+}
+
 function printFunctionTypeParameters(path, options, print) {
   const fun = path.node;
   if (fun.typeArguments) {
@@ -114,6 +144,7 @@ export {
   printOptionalToken,
   printDefiniteToken,
   printDeclareToken,
+  printAbstractToken,
   printFunctionTypeParameters,
   printBindExpressionCallee,
   printRestSpread,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js b/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
index 4d9a45eb9..9090cd8a4 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
@@ -23,7 +23,15 @@ import {
   printFunctionParameters,
   shouldGroupFunctionParameters,
 } from "./function-parameters.js";
-import { printOptionalToken, printDeclareToken } from "./misc.js";
+import {
+  printOptionalToken,
+  printDeclareToken,
+  printAbstractToken,
+} from "./misc.js";
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {import("../../document/builders.js").Doc} Doc
+ */
 
 function shouldHugType(node) {
   if (isSimpleType(node) || isObjectType(node)) {
@@ -253,11 +261,11 @@ function isFlowArrowFunctionTypeAnnotation(path) {
 */
 function printFunctionType(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
-  const parts = [];
-
-  if (node.type === "TSConstructorType" && node.abstract) {
-    parts.push("abstract ");
-  }
+  /** @type {Doc[]} */
+  const parts = [
+    // `TSConstructorType` only
+    printAbstractToken(path),
+  ];
 
   if (
     node.type === "TSConstructorType" ||
diff --git a/src/language-js/printer-estree.js b/src/language-js/printer-estree.js
index baedbee9d..8146feb8f 100644
--- a/src/language-js/printer-estree.js
+++ b/src/language-js/printer-estree.js
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-/** @typedef {import("../document/builders.js").Doc} Doc */
-
 // TODO(azz): anything that imports from main shouldn't be in a `language-*` dir.
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../main/comments.js";
 import { hasNewline } from "../common/util.js";
@@ -92,6 +90,18 @@ import { printLiteral } from "./print/literal.js";
 import { printDecorators } from "./print/decorators.js";
 import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./print/type-annotation.js";
 
+/**
+ * @typedef {import("../common/ast-path.js").default} AstPath
+ * @typedef {import("../document/builders.js").Doc} Doc
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @param {AstPath} path
+ * @param {*} options
+ * @param {*} print
+ * @param {*} [args]
+ * @returns {Doc}
+ */
 function genericPrint(path, options, print, args) {
   const { node } = path;
 
@@ -168,6 +178,13 @@ function genericPrint(path, options, print, args) {
   return parts;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {AstPath} path
+ * @param {*} options
+ * @param {*} print
+ * @param {*} [args]
+ * @returns {Doc}
+ */
 function printPathNoParens(path, options, print, args) {
   for (const printer of [
     printLiteral,