diff --git a/changelog_unreleased/api/15332.md b/changelog_unreleased/api/15332.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f366d4d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog_unreleased/api/15332.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#### Accept `URL` in `prettier.resolveConfigFile()` (#15332 by @fisker)
+
+[`prettier.resolveConfigFile()`](https://prettier.io/docs/en/api#prettierresolveconfigfilefileurlorpath) now accepts an [URL](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL) with `file:` protocol or a url string starts with `file://`.
+
+```js
+await prettier.resolveConfigFile(import.meta.url);
+```
+
+```js
+await prettier.resolveConfigFile(new URL("./path/to/file", import.meta.url));
+```
diff --git a/docs/api.md b/docs/api.md
index bbcebfac1..7cf2a0f2a 100644
--- a/docs/api.md
+++ b/docs/api.md
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ If `options.editorconfig` is `true` and an [`.editorconfig` file](https://editor
 - `indent_size`/`tab_width`
 - `max_line_length`
 
-## `prettier.resolveConfigFile([filePath])`
+## `prettier.resolveConfigFile([fileUrlOrPath])`
 
 `resolveConfigFile` can be used to find the path of the Prettier configuration file that will be used when resolving the config (i.e. when calling `resolveConfig`). A promise is returned which will resolve to:
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ If `options.editorconfig` is `true` and an [`.editorconfig` file](https://editor
 
 The promise will be rejected if there was an error parsing the configuration file.
 
-The search starts at `process.cwd()`, or at `filePath` if provided. Please see the [lilconfig docs](https://github.com/antonk52/lilconfig) for details on how the resolving works.
+The search starts at `process.cwd()`, or at `fileUrlOrPath` if provided. Please see the [lilconfig docs](https://github.com/antonk52/lilconfig) for details on how the resolving works.
 
 ```js
 const configFile = await prettier.resolveConfigFile(filePath);
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index d2fd223a0..d72497be4 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@
     "typescript": "5.2.2",
     "unicode-regex": "4.0.0",
     "unified": "9.2.2",
+    "url-or-path": "2.1.0",
     "vnopts": "2.0.0",
     "wcwidth": "1.0.1",
     "yaml-unist-parser": "2.0.1"
diff --git a/src/config/resolve-config.js b/src/config/resolve-config.js
index a867080bf..e21fcbf3e 100644
--- a/src/config/resolve-config.js
+++ b/src/config/resolve-config.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import path from "node:path";
 import micromatch from "micromatch";
 import mem, { memClear } from "mem";
+import { toPath } from "url-or-path";
 import partition from "../utils/partition.js";
 import loadEditorConfigWithoutCache from "./resolve-editorconfig.js";
 import getPrettierConfigExplorerWithoutCache from "./get-prettier-config-explorer.js";
@@ -62,10 +63,12 @@ async function resolveConfig(filePath, options) {
   return merged;
 }
 
-async function resolveConfigFile(filePath) {
+async function resolveConfigFile(fileUrlOrPath) {
   const { search } = getPrettierConfigExplorer({ cache: false });
-  const result = await search(filePath ? path.resolve(filePath) : undefined);
-  return result ? result.filepath : null;
+  const result = await search(
+    fileUrlOrPath ? path.resolve(toPath(fileUrlOrPath)) : undefined,
+  );
+  return result?.filepath ?? null;
 }
 
 function mergeOverrides(configResult, filePath) {
diff --git a/src/index.d.ts b/src/index.d.ts
index 7b31e2e43..cdc0fd599 100644
--- a/src/index.d.ts
+++ b/src/index.d.ts
@@ -636,7 +636,9 @@ export function resolveConfig(
  *
  * The promise will be rejected if there was an error parsing the configuration file.
  */
-export function resolveConfigFile(filePath?: string): Promise<string | null>;
+export function resolveConfigFile(
+  fileUrlOrPath?: string | URL,
+): Promise<string | null>;
 
 /**
  * As you repeatedly call `resolveConfig`, the file system structure will be cached for performance. This function will clear the cache.
diff --git a/tests/integration/__tests__/resolve-config-file.js b/tests/integration/__tests__/resolve-config-file.js
index 075f70ee8..bf1537315 100644
--- a/tests/integration/__tests__/resolve-config-file.js
+++ b/tests/integration/__tests__/resolve-config-file.js
@@ -1,10 +1,25 @@
-import path from "node:path";
-import createEsmUtils from "esm-utils";
+import * as urlOrPath from "url-or-path";
 import prettier from "../../config/prettier-entry.js";
 
-const { __dirname } = createEsmUtils(import.meta);
-
 test("API resolveConfigFile", async () => {
   const result = await prettier.resolveConfigFile();
-  expect(result).toEqual(path.join(__dirname, "../../../.prettierrc"));
+  expect(result).toEqual(
+    urlOrPath.toPath(new URL("../../../.prettierrc", import.meta.url)),
+  );
+});
+
+test("API resolveConfigFile accepts path or URL", async () => {
+  const fileUrl = new URL("../cli/config/filepath/foo.js", import.meta.url);
+  const expectedConfigFilePath = urlOrPath.toPath(
+    new URL("./.prettierrc", fileUrl),
+  );
+
+  const resultByUrl = await prettier.resolveConfigFile(fileUrl);
+  const resultByUrlHref = await prettier.resolveConfigFile(fileUrl.href);
+  const resultByPath = await prettier.resolveConfigFile(
+    urlOrPath.toPath(fileUrl),
+  );
+  expect(resultByUrl).toEqual(expectedConfigFilePath);
+  expect(resultByUrlHref).toEqual(expectedConfigFilePath);
+  expect(resultByPath).toEqual(expectedConfigFilePath);
 });
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 566e3c96b..0f7395277 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -7258,6 +7258,7 @@ __metadata:
     typescript: 5.2.2
     unicode-regex: 4.0.0
     unified: 9.2.2
+    url-or-path: 2.1.0
     vnopts: 2.0.0
     wcwidth: 1.0.1
     yaml-unist-parser: 2.0.1