diff --git a/changelog_unreleased/scss/16607.md b/changelog_unreleased/scss/16607.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b67ab6ba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog_unreleased/scss/16607.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#### Fix error thrown when formatting SCSS file (#16607 by @fisker)
+
+<!-- prettier-ignore -->
+```scss
+// Input
+@if true {
+  $newKey: ($key: ( $theme-name: $value ))
+}
+
+// Prettier stable
+Error
+
+// Prettier main
+@if true {
+  $newKey: (
+    $key:
+      (
+        $theme-name: $value,
+      ),
+  );
+}
+```
diff --git a/src/language-css/print/parenthesized-value-group.js b/src/language-css/print/parenthesized-value-group.js
index ecb937f19..427b96968 100644
--- a/src/language-css/print/parenthesized-value-group.js
+++ b/src/language-css/print/parenthesized-value-group.js
@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ import {
   line,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/builders.js";
+import {
+  DOC_TYPE_FILL,
+  DOC_TYPE_GROUP,
+  DOC_TYPE_INDENT,
+} from "../../document/constants.js";
+import { getDocType } from "../../document/utils.js";
 import isNextLineEmpty from "../../utils/is-next-line-empty.js";
 import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
@@ -91,7 +97,10 @@ function printParenthesizedValueGroup(path, options, print) {
       child.type === "value-comma_group" &&
       child.groups &&
       child.groups[0].type !== "value-paren_group" &&
-      child.groups[2]?.type === "value-paren_group"
+      child.groups[2]?.type === "value-paren_group" &&
+      getDocType(doc) === DOC_TYPE_GROUP &&
+      getDocType(doc.contents) === DOC_TYPE_INDENT &&
+      getDocType(doc.contents.contents) === DOC_TYPE_FILL
     ) {
       const { parts } = doc.contents.contents;
       parts[1] = group(parts[1]);
diff --git a/tests/format/scss/parens/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/scss/parens/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index e920d1c99..0ece1acf4 100644
--- a/tests/format/scss/parens/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/scss/parens/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -39,6 +39,29 @@ $icons: (
 ================================================================================
 `;
 
+exports[`issue-16594.scss format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["scss"]
+printWidth: 80
+                                                                                | printWidth
+=====================================input======================================
+      @if true {
+        $newKey: ($key: ( $theme-name: $value ))
+      }
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+@if true {
+  $newKey: (
+    $key:
+      (
+        $theme-name: $value,
+      ),
+  );
+}
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
 exports[`parens.scss format 1`] = `
 ====================================options=====================================
 parsers: ["scss"]
diff --git a/tests/format/scss/parens/issue-16594.scss b/tests/format/scss/parens/issue-16594.scss
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03e821e87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/scss/parens/issue-16594.scss
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+      @if true {
+        $newKey: ($key: ( $theme-name: $value ))
+      }