diff --git a/changelog_unreleased/api/17167.md b/changelog_unreleased/api/17167.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c0e9f8f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog_unreleased/api/17167.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#### Accept `URL` as custom config file in `resolveConfig` (#17167 by @fisker)
+
+[`prettier.resolveConfig()`](https://prettier.io/docs/api#prettierresolveconfigfileurlorpath--options) now accepts an [URL](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL) with `file:` protocol or a url string starts with `file:` as custom config file location.
+
+```js
+// `URL`
+await prettier.resolveConfig("path/to/file", {
+  config: new URL("/path/to/prettier-config-file", import.meta.url),
+});
+
+// URL string
+await prettier.resolveConfig("path/to/file", {
+  config: "file:///path/to/prettier-config-file",
+});
+```
diff --git a/src/config/resolve-config.js b/src/config/resolve-config.js
index 801783d21..d817c6f82 100644
--- a/src/config/resolve-config.js
+++ b/src/config/resolve-config.js
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ async function loadPrettierConfig(file, options) {
     return;
   }
 
+  configFile = toPath(configFile);
   const config = await loadPrettierConfigFile(configFile, { shouldCache });
 
   return { config, configFile };
diff --git a/src/index.d.ts b/src/index.d.ts
index bb52309cc..7a7841ec8 100644
--- a/src/index.d.ts
+++ b/src/index.d.ts
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ export interface ResolveConfigOptions {
   /**
    * Pass directly the path of the config file if you don't wish to search for it.
    */
-  config?: string | undefined;
+  config?: string | URL | undefined;
   /**
    * If set to `true` and an `.editorconfig` file is in your project,
    * Prettier will parse it and convert its properties to the corresponding prettier configuration.
diff --git a/tests/integration/__tests__/config-resolution.js b/tests/integration/__tests__/config-resolution.js
index 63f13d9d5..b2f733dd7 100644
--- a/tests/integration/__tests__/config-resolution.js
+++ b/tests/integration/__tests__/config-resolution.js
@@ -459,3 +459,21 @@ test("package.json/package.yaml", async () => {
     }
   `);
 });
+
+test("'config' option should accept `URL` and `string`", async () => {
+  const configFileUrl = new URL(
+    "../cli/config/custom-config-file-location/my-prettier-config.mjs",
+    import.meta.url,
+  );
+  const file = new URL("./file.js", configFileUrl);
+
+  for (const configFile of [
+    configFileUrl,
+    configFileUrl.href,
+    url.fileURLToPath(configFileUrl),
+  ]) {
+    await expect(
+      prettier.resolveConfig(file, { config: configFile }),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({ tabWidth: 7 });
+  }
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/cli/config/custom-config-file-location/my-prettier-config.mjs b/tests/integration/cli/config/custom-config-file-location/my-prettier-config.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56a0c7c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/cli/config/custom-config-file-location/my-prettier-config.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export default {
+  tabWidth: 7
+}