diff --git a/.github/workflows/prod-test.yml b/.github/workflows/prod-test.yml
index d6f83c5ad..7bbe8bf04 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/prod-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/prod-test.yml
@@ -123,11 +123,21 @@ jobs:
           path: dist
 
       - name: Run Tests
+        if: matrix.node != '14'
         run: yarn test:production
 
+      - name: Run Tests (Node.js 14)
+        if: matrix.node == '14'
+        run: yarn test:production-node14
+
       - name: Run Format Tests (standalone)
+        if: matrix.node != '14'
         run: yarn test:production-standalone
 
+      - name: Run Format Tests (standalone, Node.js 14)
+        if: matrix.node == '14'
+        run: yarn test:production-standalone-node14
+
   cli:
     name: CLI
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 90776bca8..96c8dc090 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@
   ],
   "dependencies": {
     "@angular/compiler": "20.3.1",
-    "@babel/code-frame": "7.27.1",
-    "@babel/parser": "7.28.4",
-    "@babel/types": "7.28.4",
+    "@babel/code-frame": "8.0.0-beta.2",
+    "@babel/parser": "8.0.0-beta.2",
+    "@babel/types": "8.0.0-beta.2",
     "@glimmer/syntax": "0.95.0",
     "@prettier/cli": "0.9.0",
     "@prettier/html-event-attributes": "0.0.1",
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
     "yaml-unist-parser": "2.0.5"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@babel/generator": "7.28.3",
+    "@babel/generator": "8.0.0-beta.2",
     "@eslint-react/eslint-plugin": "1.53.1",
     "@eslint/js": "9.35.0",
     "@stylistic/eslint-plugin": "5.3.1",
@@ -178,9 +178,12 @@
   "scripts": {
     "prepublishOnly": "echo \"Error: must publish from dist/\" && exit 1",
     "test": "jest",
+    "test:node14": "cross-env NODE_OPTIONS=\"--experimental-loader=$PWD/scripts/nodejs-14-test-loader.js --no-warnings=ExperimentalWarning\" jest --runInBand",
     "test:dev-package": "cross-env INSTALL_PACKAGE=1 yarn test",
     "test:production": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production yarn test",
+    "test:production-node14": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production yarn test:node14",
     "test:production-standalone": "cross-env TEST_STANDALONE=1 yarn test:production",
+    "test:production-standalone-node14": "cross-env TEST_STANDALONE=1 yarn test:production-node14",
     "test:production-lint": "eslint dist/prettier --config=./scripts/bundle-eslint-config.js --quiet --format friendly",
     "perf": "yarn && yarn build && cross-env NODE_ENV=production node ./dist/prettier/bin/prettier.cjs",
     "perf:inspect": "yarn && yarn build && cross-env NODE_ENV=production node --inspect-brk ./dist/prettier/bin/prettier.cjs",
diff --git a/scripts/build/shims/colors.js b/scripts/build/shims/colors.js
index 239a7d54a..36bbfdb30 100644
--- a/scripts/build/shims/colors.js
+++ b/scripts/build/shims/colors.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 const colors = new Proxy(String, { get: () => colors });
 
 export default colors;
+export const createColors = () => colors;
diff --git a/scripts/build/transform/index.js b/scripts/build/transform/index.js
index 377294aa8..a112169f2 100644
--- a/scripts/build/transform/index.js
+++ b/scripts/build/transform/index.js
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 import path from "node:path";
-import babelGenerator from "@babel/generator";
+import generate from "@babel/generator";
 import { parse } from "@babel/parser";
 import { traverseFast as traverse } from "@babel/types";
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
 import { PROJECT_ROOT, SOURCE_DIR } from "../../utils/index.js";
 import allTransforms from "./transforms/index.js";
 
-const generate = babelGenerator.default;
-
 /* Doesn't work for dependencies, optional call, computed property, and spread arguments */
 
 function transform(original, file) {
@@ -20,6 +18,7 @@ function transform(original, file) {
       ) ||
       file.startsWith(path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, "node_modules/jest-docblock/")) ||
       file.startsWith(path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, "node_modules/espree/")) ||
+      file.startsWith(path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, "node_modules/@babel/parser/")) ||
       file.startsWith(
         path.join(
           PROJECT_ROOT,
diff --git a/scripts/nodejs-14-test-loader.js b/scripts/nodejs-14-test-loader.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e952883a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/nodejs-14-test-loader.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import esbuild from "esbuild";
+
+// `@babel/code-frame` and `@babel/highlight` use syntax that is not available in Node.js 14,
+// such as `??=`. When bundled into dist/ they are compiled to be compatible with Node.js 14,
+// however we also need to load them at runtime from node_modules to run our tests.
+// We can use an `--experimental-loader` to compile them on-the-fly with esbuild.
+
+export async function getSource(url, context, defaultGetSource) {
+  if (
+    !/node_modules\/@babel\/(?:code-frame|highlight)/u.test(url) ||
+    context.format !== "module"
+  ) {
+    return defaultGetSource(url, context, defaultGetSource);
+  }
+
+  const raw = await readFile(fileURLToPath(url));
+  try {
+    const result = await esbuild.transform(raw, { target: "node14" });
+    return { source: result.code };
+  } catch (error) {
+    error.message += ` (in ${url})`;
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/scripts/prepare-test-for-legacy-nodejs.js b/scripts/prepare-test-for-legacy-nodejs.js
index b9c255787..a2a5a2794 100644
--- a/scripts/prepare-test-for-legacy-nodejs.js
+++ b/scripts/prepare-test-for-legacy-nodejs.js
@@ -22,75 +22,85 @@ if (nodeVersion === 14) {
   throw new Error("Unexpected `--node-version`.");
 }
 
-// Script to get dependencies
-// console.log(
-//   Object.fromEntries(
-//     Array.from(
-//       fs
-//         .readFileSync("./yarn.lock", "utf8")
-//         .matchAll(/"(.*?)@npm:30\.0\.0-alpha\.3[",]/g),
-//       (match) => match[1],
-//     )
-//       .sort()
-//       .map((dependency) => [dependency, "30.0.0-alpha.2"]),
-//   ),
-// );
+/*
+Script to get dependencies
 
-fs.writeFileSync(
-  packageJsonFile,
-  JSON.stringify(
-    {
-      ...packageJson,
-      resolutions: {
-        ...packageJson.resolutions,
-        "@jest/console": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/core": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/environment": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/expect": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/expect-utils": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/fake-timers": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/globals": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/reporters": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/schemas": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/source-map": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/test-result": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/test-sequencer": jestVersion,
-        "@jest/transform": jestVersion,
-        // "@jest/types": jestVersion,
-        "babel-jest": jestVersion,
-        "babel-plugin-jest-hoist": jestVersion,
-        "babel-preset-jest": jestVersion,
-        "diff-sequences": jestVersion,
-        expect: jestVersion,
-        jest: jestVersion,
-        "jest-changed-files": jestVersion,
-        "jest-circus": jestVersion,
-        "jest-cli": jestVersion,
-        "jest-config": jestVersion,
-        "jest-diff": jestVersion,
-        // "jest-docblock": jestVersion,
-        "jest-each": jestVersion,
-        "jest-environment-node": jestVersion,
-        "jest-get-type": jestVersion,
-        "jest-haste-map": jestVersion,
-        "jest-leak-detector": jestVersion,
-        "jest-matcher-utils": jestVersion,
-        "jest-message-util": jestVersion,
-        "jest-mock": jestVersion,
-        "jest-regex-util": jestVersion,
-        "jest-resolve": jestVersion,
-        "jest-resolve-dependencies": jestVersion,
-        "jest-runner": jestVersion,
-        "jest-runtime": jestVersion,
-        "jest-snapshot": jestVersion,
-        "jest-util": jestVersion,
-        "jest-validate": jestVersion,
-        "jest-watcher": jestVersion,
-        "jest-worker": jestVersion,
-        "pretty-format": jestVersion,
-      },
-    },
-    undefined,
-    2,
-  ),
+```js
+console.log(
+  Array.from(
+    fs
+      .readFileSync("./yarn.lock", "utf8")
+      .matchAll(/"(.*?)@npm:30\.0\.0-alpha\.3[",]/g),
+    (match) => match[1],
+  ).sort(),
 );
+```
+*/
+
+const jestDependencies = [
+  "@jest/console",
+  "@jest/core",
+  "@jest/environment",
+  "@jest/expect",
+  "@jest/expect-utils",
+  "@jest/fake-timers",
+  "@jest/globals",
+  "@jest/reporters",
+  "@jest/schemas",
+  "@jest/source-map",
+  "@jest/test-result",
+  "@jest/test-sequencer",
+  "@jest/transform",
+  // "@jest/types",
+  "babel-jest",
+  "babel-plugin-jest-hoist",
+  "babel-preset-jest",
+  "diff-sequences",
+  "expect",
+  "jest",
+  "jest-changed-files",
+  "jest-circus",
+  "jest-cli",
+  "jest-config",
+  "jest-diff",
+  // "jest-docblock",
+  "jest-each",
+  "jest-environment-node",
+  "jest-get-type",
+  "jest-haste-map",
+  "jest-leak-detector",
+  "jest-matcher-utils",
+  "jest-message-util",
+  "jest-mock",
+  "jest-regex-util",
+  "jest-resolve",
+  "jest-resolve-dependencies",
+  "jest-runner",
+  "jest-runtime",
+  "jest-snapshot",
+  "jest-util",
+  "jest-validate",
+  "jest-watcher",
+  "jest-worker",
+  "pretty-format",
+];
+
+let content = JSON.stringify(
+  {
+    ...packageJson,
+    resolutions: {
+      ...packageJson.resolutions,
+      ...Object.fromEntries(
+        jestDependencies.map((name) => [name, jestVersion]),
+      ),
+    },
+  },
+  undefined,
+  2,
+);
+
+if (process.platform === "win32") {
+  content = content.replace("$PWD/", new URL("../", import.meta.url).href);
+}
+
+fs.writeFileSync(packageJsonFile, content);
diff --git a/src/language-js/clean.js b/src/language-js/clean.js
index 39dfc0b2f..6fc821c41 100644
--- a/src/language-js/clean.js
+++ b/src/language-js/clean.js
@@ -31,13 +31,6 @@ function clean(original, cloned) {
     delete cloned.sourceType;
   }
 
-  if (
-    (original.type === "BigIntLiteral" ||
-      original.type === "BigIntLiteralTypeAnnotation") &&
-    original.value
-  ) {
-    cloned.value = original.value.toLowerCase();
-  }
   if (
     (original.type === "BigIntLiteral" || original.type === "Literal") &&
     original.bigint
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/babel.js b/src/language-js/parse/babel.js
index 8586a1ff1..452913f35 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/babel.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/babel.js
@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ const allowedReasonCodes = new Set([
   "NonAbstractClassHasAbstractMethod",
   "OptionalTypeBeforeRequired",
   "PatternIsOptional",
-  "OptionalBindingPattern",
   "DeclareClassFieldHasInitializer",
   "TypeImportCannotSpecifyDefaultAndNamed",
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js
index 4bd30d313..c189567ab 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import * as assert from "#universal/assert";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../../loc.js";
 import createTypeCheckFunction from "../../utils/create-type-check-function.js";
 import getRaw from "../../utils/get-raw.js";
-import getTextWithoutComments from "../../utils/get-text-without-comments.js";
 import isBlockComment from "../../utils/is-block-comment.js";
 import isLineComment from "../../utils/is-line-comment.js";
 import isTypeCastComment from "../../utils/is-type-cast-comment.js";
@@ -47,22 +46,6 @@ function postprocess(ast, options) {
   let typeCastCommentsEnds;
 
   ast = visitNode(ast, {
-    onEnter(node) {
-      switch (node.type) {
-        // Remove this when update `@babel/parser` to v8
-        // https://github.com/typescript-eslint/typescript-eslint/pull/7065
-        case "TSMappedType":
-          if (!node.constraint && !node.key) {
-            const { name: key, constraint } = fixBabelTSTypeParameter(
-              node.typeParameter,
-            );
-            node.constraint = constraint;
-            node.key = key;
-            delete node.typeParameter;
-          }
-          break;
-      }
-    },
     onLeave(node) {
       switch (node.type) {
         case "ParenthesizedExpression": {
@@ -149,11 +132,6 @@ function postprocess(ast, options) {
         case "TSParenthesizedType":
           return node.typeAnnotation;
 
-        case "TSTypeParameter":
-          // babel-ts
-          fixBabelTSTypeParameter(node);
-          break;
-
         // For hack-style pipeline
         case "TopicReference":
           ast.extra = { ...ast.extra, __isUsingHackPipeline: true };
@@ -167,30 +145,6 @@ function postprocess(ast, options) {
           }
           break;
 
-        // Remove this when update `@babel/parser` to v8
-        // https://github.com/typescript-eslint/typescript-eslint/pull/8920
-        case "TSEnumDeclaration":
-          if (!node.body) {
-            const idEnd = locEnd(node.id);
-            const { members } = node;
-            const textWithoutComments = getTextWithoutComments(
-              {
-                originalText: text,
-                [Symbol.for("comments")]: comments,
-              },
-              idEnd,
-              members[0] ? locStart(members[0]) : locEnd(node),
-            );
-            const start = idEnd + textWithoutComments.indexOf("{");
-            node.body = {
-              type: "TSEnumBody",
-              members,
-              range: [start, locEnd(node)],
-            };
-            delete node.members;
-          }
-          break;
-
         // https://github.com/facebook/hermes/issues/1712
         case "ImportExpression":
           if (parser === "hermes" && node.attributes && !node.options) {
@@ -233,19 +187,6 @@ function postprocess(ast, options) {
   return ast;
 }
 
-function fixBabelTSTypeParameter(node) {
-  if (node.type === "TSTypeParameter" && typeof node.name === "string") {
-    const start = locStart(node);
-    node.name = {
-      type: "Identifier",
-      name: node.name,
-      range: [start, start + node.name.length],
-    };
-  }
-
-  return node;
-}
-
 function isUnbalancedLogicalTree(node) {
   return (
     node.type === "LogicalExpression" &&
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/visit-node.js b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/visit-node.js
index e29fe0a6d..ed550df1c 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/visit-node.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/visit-node.js
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ function visitNode(node, options) {
     return node;
   }
 
-  node = options.onEnter(node) || node;
+  if (options.onEnter) {
+    node = options.onEnter(node) || node;
+  }
 
   const keys = getVisitorKeys(node);
   for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/utils/create-babel-parse-error.js b/src/language-js/parse/utils/create-babel-parse-error.js
index 1c7856969..c5e2f9419 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/utils/create-babel-parse-error.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/utils/create-babel-parse-error.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ const parseExpressionErrorMessagePrefix =
 function createBabelParseError(error) {
   let { message, loc, reasonCode } = error;
 
-  /* c8 ignore next 3 */
+  /* c8 ignore next 3 -- not a babel parse error */
   if (!loc) {
     return error;
   }
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/assignment.js b/src/language-js/print/assignment.js
index 11f929c76..f014f6969 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/assignment.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/assignment.js
@@ -456,10 +456,7 @@ function shouldBreakBeforeConditionalType(node) {
       case "TSFunctionType":
         return Boolean(subNode.typeParameters);
       case "TSTypeReference":
-        return Boolean(
-          // TODO: Use `typeArguments` only when babel align with TS.
-          subNode.typeArguments ?? subNode.typeParameters,
-        );
+        return Boolean(subNode.typeArguments);
       default:
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/object.js b/src/language-js/print/object.js
index 32fcd58a8..3f45bc793 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/object.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/object.js
@@ -238,10 +238,7 @@ function printObject(path, options, print) {
 
 function shouldHugTheOnlyParameter(node, name) {
   return (
-    (name === "params" ||
-      name === "parameters" ||
-      name === "this" ||
-      name === "rest") &&
+    (name === "params" || name === "this" || name === "rest") &&
     shouldHugTheOnlyFunctionParameter(node)
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js b/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js
index 3a8d1ecc1..ecebecc85 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ function printTaggedTemplateLiteral(path, options, print) {
 
   return label(quasiDoc.label && { tagged: true, ...quasiDoc.label }, [
     print("tag"),
-    print(node.typeArguments ? "typeArguments" : "typeParameters"),
+    print("typeArguments"),
     space,
     lineSuffixBoundary,
     quasiDoc,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js b/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
index 915047e30..0aedc88c9 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
@@ -328,13 +328,7 @@ function printFunctionType(path, options, print) {
       print("returnType"),
     );
   } else {
-    returnTypeDoc.push(
-      printTypeAnnotationProperty(
-        path,
-        print,
-        node.returnType ? "returnType" : "typeAnnotation",
-      ),
-    );
+    returnTypeDoc.push(printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print, "returnType"));
   }
 
   if (shouldGroupFunctionParameters(node, returnTypeDoc)) {
@@ -568,12 +562,7 @@ function printArrayType(print) {
 function printTypeQuery({ node }, print) {
   const argumentPropertyName =
     node.type === "TSTypeQuery" ? "exprName" : "argument";
-  const typeArgsPropertyName =
-    // TODO: Use `typeArguments` only when babel align with TS.
-    node.type === "TypeofTypeAnnotation" || node.typeArguments
-      ? "typeArguments"
-      : "typeParameters";
-  return ["typeof ", print(argumentPropertyName), print(typeArgsPropertyName)];
+  return ["typeof ", print(argumentPropertyName), print("typeArguments")];
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/typescript.js b/src/language-js/print/typescript.js
index 619cf97b2..41cb2ebb1 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/typescript.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/typescript.js
@@ -127,15 +127,8 @@ function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
       return printClassProperty(path, options, print);
     case "TSInterfaceHeritage":
     case "TSClassImplements":
-    case "TSExpressionWithTypeArguments": // Babel AST
     case "TSInstantiationExpression":
-      return [
-        print("expression"),
-        print(
-          // TODO: Use `typeArguments` only when babel align with TS.
-          node.typeArguments ? "typeArguments" : "typeParameters",
-        ),
-      ];
+      return [print("expression"), print("typeArguments")];
     case "TSTemplateLiteralType":
       return printTemplateLiteral(path, options, print);
     case "TSNamedTupleMember":
@@ -217,12 +210,7 @@ function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
       return [
         printCallExpression(path, options, print),
         !node.qualifier ? "" : [".", print("qualifier")],
-        printTypeParameters(
-          path,
-          options,
-          print,
-          node.typeArguments ? "typeArguments" : "typeParameters",
-        ),
+        printTypeParameters(path, options, print, "typeArguments"),
       ];
     case "TSLiteralType":
       return print("literal");
@@ -254,13 +242,11 @@ function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
         /* printTypeParams */ true,
       );
 
-      const returnTypePropertyName = node.returnType
-        ? "returnType"
-        : "typeAnnotation";
-      const returnTypeNode = node[returnTypePropertyName];
-      const returnTypeDoc = returnTypeNode
-        ? printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print, returnTypePropertyName)
-        : "";
+      const returnTypeDoc = printTypeAnnotationProperty(
+        path,
+        print,
+        "returnType",
+      );
       const shouldGroupParameters = shouldGroupFunctionParameters(
         node,
         returnTypeDoc,
@@ -268,7 +254,7 @@ function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
 
       parts.push(shouldGroupParameters ? group(parametersDoc) : parametersDoc);
 
-      if (returnTypeNode) {
+      if (node.returnType) {
         parts.push(group(returnTypeDoc));
       }
 
@@ -342,13 +328,7 @@ function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
     case "TSTypeReference":
       return [
         print("typeName"),
-        printTypeParameters(
-          path,
-          options,
-          print,
-          // TODO: Use `typeArguments` only when babel align with TS.
-          node.typeArguments ? "typeArguments" : "typeParameters",
-        ),
+        printTypeParameters(path, options, print, "typeArguments"),
       ];
     case "TSTypeAnnotation":
       return printTypeAnnotation(path, options, print);
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/index.js b/src/language-js/utils/index.js
index f2ac298e7..ea6f7d1bd 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utils/index.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utils/index.js
@@ -846,12 +846,9 @@ function getFunctionParameters(node) {
   if (node.this) {
     parameters.push(node.this);
   }
-  // `params` vs `parameters` - see https://github.com/babel/babel/issues/9231
-  if (Array.isArray(node.parameters)) {
-    parameters.push(...node.parameters);
-  } else if (Array.isArray(node.params)) {
-    parameters.push(...node.params);
-  }
+
+  parameters.push(...node.params);
+
   if (node.rest) {
     parameters.push(node.rest);
   }
@@ -866,11 +863,9 @@ function iterateFunctionParametersPath(path, iteratee) {
   if (node.this) {
     path.call(callback, "this");
   }
-  if (Array.isArray(node.parameters)) {
-    path.each(callback, "parameters");
-  } else if (Array.isArray(node.params)) {
-    path.each(callback, "params");
-  }
+
+  path.each(callback, "params");
+
   if (node.rest) {
     path.call(callback, "rest");
   }
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-node-matches.js b/src/language-js/utils/is-node-matches.js
index ac4e99c71..91ca793a2 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utils/is-node-matches.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utils/is-node-matches.js
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ function isNodeMatchesNameOrPath(node, nameOrPath) {
 
     if (
       node.type === "MemberExpression" &&
+      // @ts-expect-error -- Don't know why
       !node.optional &&
       !node.computed &&
       node.property.type === "Identifier" &&
diff --git a/tests/format/misc/errors/babel-missing-plugins/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/misc/errors/babel-missing-plugins/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index 652d7b071..64118e114 100644
--- a/tests/format/misc/errors/babel-missing-plugins/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/misc/errors/babel-missing-plugins/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ exports[`snippet: #0 [babel] format 1`] = `
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #1 [babel] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:4)
+"Identifier directly after number. (1:4)
 > 1 | 100m;
-    |    ^"
+    |    ^
+Cause: Identifier directly after number. (1:3)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #2 [babel] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:8)
+"Unexpected token, expected "from" (1:15)
 > 1 | import module foo from "./module.wasm";
-    |        ^"
+    |               ^
+Cause: Unexpected token, expected "from" (1:14)"
 `;
diff --git a/tests/format/misc/errors/invalid-interface-extends/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/misc/errors/invalid-interface-extends/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index 07af0134c..b166185e8 100644
--- a/tests/format/misc/errors/invalid-interface-extends/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/misc/errors/invalid-interface-extends/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // Jest Snapshot v1, https://jestjs.io/docs/snapshot-testing
 
 exports[`snippet: #0 [babel-ts] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token (1:21)
+"'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:21)
 > 1 | interface A extends (typeof fs) { }
     |                     ^
-Cause: Unexpected token (1:20)"
+Cause: 'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:20)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #0 [typescript] format 1`] = `
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ Cause: Interface declaration can only extend an identifier/qualified name with o
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #1 [babel-ts] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token, expected "," (1:22)
+"'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:21)
 > 1 | interface B extends C['D'] { }
-    |                      ^
-Cause: Unexpected token, expected "," (1:21)"
+    |                     ^
+Cause: 'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:20)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #1 [typescript] format 1`] = `
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ Cause: Interface declaration can only extend an identifier/qualified name with o
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #2 [babel-ts] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token, expected "," (1:22)
+"'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:21)
 > 1 | interface E extends F?.G { }
-    |                      ^
-Cause: Unexpected token, expected "," (1:21)"
+    |                     ^
+Cause: 'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:20)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #2 [typescript] format 1`] = `
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ Cause: 'extends' clause already seen."
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #4 [babel-ts] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token (1:21)
+"'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:21)
 > 1 | interface K extends 2 { }
     |                     ^
-Cause: Unexpected token (1:20)"
+Cause: 'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:20)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #4 [typescript] format 1`] = `
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ Cause: Interface declaration can only extend an identifier/qualified name with o
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #5 [babel-ts] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token, expected "," (1:22)
+"'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:21)
 > 1 | interface L extends M().N { }
-    |                      ^
-Cause: Unexpected token, expected "," (1:21)"
+    |                     ^
+Cause: 'extends' list can only include identifiers or qualified-names with optional type arguments. (1:20)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #5 [typescript] format 1`] = `
diff --git a/tests/format/misc/errors/js/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/misc/errors/js/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index f23b08610..ac62dacba 100644
--- a/tests/format/misc/errors/js/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/misc/errors/js/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -145,9 +145,10 @@ Cause: Unexpected token (5:11)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #7 [babel] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:7)
+"Unexpected token (1:7)
 > 1 | const #{ a, b } = #{ a: 1, b: 2 };
-    |       ^"
+    |       ^
+Cause: Unexpected token (1:6)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #8 [babel] format 1`] = `
diff --git a/tests/format/misc/errors/js/record/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/misc/errors/js/record/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index d2bd279f3..c260f1a22 100644
--- a/tests/format/misc/errors/js/record/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/misc/errors/js/record/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ Cause: Unexpected character '{' (1:1)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #0 [babel] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:1)
+"Unexpected token (1:1)
 > 1 | #{a() {}}
-    | ^"
+    | ^
+Cause: Unexpected token (1:0)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #0 [espree] format 1`] = `
@@ -35,9 +36,10 @@ Cause: Unexpected character '{' (1:1)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #1 [babel] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:1)
+"Unexpected token (1:1)
 > 1 | #{async b() {}}
-    | ^"
+    | ^
+Cause: Unexpected token (1:0)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #1 [espree] format 1`] = `
@@ -62,9 +64,10 @@ Cause: Unexpected character '{' (1:1)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #2 [babel] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:1)
+"Unexpected token (1:1)
 > 1 | #{get c() {}}
-    | ^"
+    | ^
+Cause: Unexpected token (1:0)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #2 [espree] format 1`] = `
@@ -89,9 +92,10 @@ Cause: Unexpected character '{' (1:1)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #3 [babel] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:1)
+"Unexpected token (1:1)
 > 1 | #{set d(_) {}}
-    | ^"
+    | ^
+Cause: Unexpected token (1:0)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #3 [espree] format 1`] = `
@@ -116,9 +120,10 @@ Cause: Unexpected character '{' (1:1)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #4 [babel] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:1)
+"Unexpected token (1:1)
 > 1 | #{*e() {}}
-    | ^"
+    | ^
+Cause: Unexpected token (1:0)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #4 [espree] format 1`] = `
diff --git a/tests/format/misc/errors/json/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/misc/errors/json/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index a770e1fbc..b8983897e 100644
--- a/tests/format/misc/errors/json/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/misc/errors/json/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ exports[`snippet: #11 [json] format 1`] = `
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #11 [json] format 2`] = `
-"'CallExpression' is not allowed in JSON. (1:2)
+"'ImportExpression' is not allowed in JSON. (1:2)
 > 1 | [import('a', {type:'json'})]
     |  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^"
 `;
@@ -596,9 +596,10 @@ exports[`snippet: #12 [json] format 1`] = `
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #12 [json] format 2`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:3)
+"Identifier directly after number. (1:3)
 > 1 | [1m]
-    |   ^"
+    |   ^
+Cause: Identifier directly after number. (1:2)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #12 [json-stringify] format 1`] = `
@@ -740,7 +741,7 @@ exports[`snippet: #18 [json] format 1`] = `
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #18 [json] format 2`] = `
-"'CallExpression' is not allowed in JSON. (1:2)
+"'ImportExpression' is not allowed in JSON. (1:2)
 > 1 | [import('a', {reflect: 'module'})]
     |  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^"
 `;
@@ -876,9 +877,10 @@ Cause: Unexpected parseExpression() input: The input is empty or contains only c
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #23 [json] format 2`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:2)
+"Unexpected token (1:2)
 > 1 | [#{}]
-    |  ^"
+    |  ^
+Cause: Unexpected token (1:1)"
 `;
 
 exports[`snippet: #23 [json-stringify] format 1`] = `
diff --git a/tests/format/misc/errors/typescript/import-reflection/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/misc/errors/typescript/import-reflection/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index 57c53f0c8..7cd478aef 100644
--- a/tests/format/misc/errors/typescript/import-reflection/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/misc/errors/typescript/import-reflection/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // Jest Snapshot v1, https://jestjs.io/docs/snapshot-testing
 
 exports[`valid-flow-default-import.mts [babel-ts] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:8)
+"Unexpected token, expected "from" (1:15)
 > 1 | import module foo from "./module.wasm";
-    |        ^
+    |               ^
   2 | import bar from "./module.wasm";
-  3 |"
+  3 |
+Cause: Unexpected token, expected "from" (1:14)"
 `;
 
 exports[`valid-flow-default-import.mts [oxc-ts] format 1`] = `
@@ -26,11 +27,12 @@ Cause: '=' expected."
 `;
 
 exports[`valid-ts-default-import.mts [babel-ts] format 1`] = `
-"Unexpected token. (1:8)
+"Unexpected token, expected "from" (1:15)
 > 1 | import module foo from "./module.wasm";
-    |        ^
+    |               ^
   2 | import bar from "./module.wasm";
-  3 |"
+  3 |
+Cause: Unexpected token, expected "from" (1:14)"
 `;
 
 exports[`valid-ts-default-import.mts [oxc-ts] format 1`] = `
diff --git a/tests/unit/__snapshots__/visitor-keys.js.snap b/tests/unit/__snapshots__/visitor-keys.js.snap
index 2ca397243..c7dc92f73 100644
--- a/tests/unit/__snapshots__/visitor-keys.js.snap
+++ b/tests/unit/__snapshots__/visitor-keys.js.snap
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
     "arguments",
     "callee",
     "typeArguments",
-    "typeParameters",
   ],
   "CatchClause": [
     "body",
@@ -636,9 +635,7 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
     "arguments",
     "callee",
     "typeArguments",
-    "typeParameters",
   ],
-  "Noop": [],
   "NullLiteral": [],
   "NullLiteralTypeAnnotation": [],
   "NullableTypeAnnotation": [
@@ -713,7 +710,6 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
     "arguments",
     "callee",
     "typeArguments",
-    "typeParameters",
   ],
   "OptionalIndexedAccessType": [
     "indexType",
@@ -823,10 +819,8 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
   "TSBigIntKeyword": [],
   "TSBooleanKeyword": [],
   "TSCallSignatureDeclaration": [
-    "parameters",
     "params",
     "returnType",
-    "typeAnnotation",
     "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TSClassImplements": [
@@ -841,17 +835,13 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
     "trueType",
   ],
   "TSConstructSignatureDeclaration": [
-    "parameters",
     "params",
     "returnType",
-    "typeAnnotation",
     "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TSConstructorType": [
-    "parameters",
     "params",
     "returnType",
-    "typeAnnotation",
     "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TSDeclareFunction": [
@@ -890,18 +880,12 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
     "expression",
   ],
   "TSExportKeyword": [],
-  "TSExpressionWithTypeArguments": [
-    "expression",
-    "typeParameters",
-  ],
   "TSExternalModuleReference": [
     "expression",
   ],
   "TSFunctionType": [
-    "parameters",
     "params",
     "returnType",
-    "typeAnnotation",
     "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TSImportEqualsDeclaration": [
@@ -913,7 +897,6 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
     "options",
     "qualifier",
     "typeArguments",
-    "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TSIndexSignature": [
     "parameters",
@@ -929,7 +912,6 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
   "TSInstantiationExpression": [
     "expression",
     "typeArguments",
-    "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TSInterfaceBody": [
     "body",
@@ -968,10 +950,8 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
   ],
   "TSMethodSignature": [
     "key",
-    "parameters",
     "params",
     "returnType",
-    "typeAnnotation",
     "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TSModuleBlock": [
@@ -1071,12 +1051,10 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
   "TSTypeQuery": [
     "exprName",
     "typeArguments",
-    "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TSTypeReference": [
     "typeArguments",
     "typeName",
-    "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TSUndefinedKeyword": [],
   "TSUnionType": [
@@ -1088,7 +1066,6 @@ exports[`visitor keys estree 1`] = `
     "quasi",
     "tag",
     "typeArguments",
-    "typeParameters",
   ],
   "TemplateElement": [],
   "TemplateLiteral": [
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 8e6b0fca6..e46ecbc41 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -23,7 +23,18 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/code-frame@npm:7.27.1, @babel/code-frame@npm:^7.0.0, @babel/code-frame@npm:^7.12.13, @babel/code-frame@npm:^7.26.2, @babel/code-frame@npm:^7.27.1":
+"@babel/code-frame@npm:8.0.0-beta.2":
+  version: 8.0.0-beta.2
+  resolution: "@babel/code-frame@npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "npm:^8.0.0-beta.2"
+    js-tokens: "npm:^8.0.0"
+    picocolors: "npm:^1.1.1"
+  checksum: 10/8a735166b733b8b38eb2739d5316e7d63a16ac09f997ac52ffcc876e1473961f1ff91510b1c4e8d754de7b36f9d637e8947a1bcfe3e50177911466d3d01af67d
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@babel/code-frame@npm:^7.0.0, @babel/code-frame@npm:^7.12.13, @babel/code-frame@npm:^7.26.2, @babel/code-frame@npm:^7.27.1":
   version: 7.27.1
   resolution: "@babel/code-frame@npm:7.27.1"
   dependencies:
@@ -64,7 +75,21 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/generator@npm:7.28.3, @babel/generator@npm:^7.27.5, @babel/generator@npm:^7.28.3, @babel/generator@npm:^7.7.2":
+"@babel/generator@npm:8.0.0-beta.2":
+  version: 8.0.0-beta.2
+  resolution: "@babel/generator@npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/parser": "npm:^8.0.0-beta.2"
+    "@babel/types": "npm:^8.0.0-beta.2"
+    "@jridgewell/gen-mapping": "npm:^0.3.12"
+    "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "npm:^0.3.28"
+    "@types/jsesc": "npm:^2.5.0"
+    jsesc: "npm:^3.0.2"
+  checksum: 10/7aa16c71a5c0c8f925590b090b595955024ec7cd3c0900b3579da04d51a38a914c9fd199d3105354518faffa0852ffb914b746617931c392a5529cf9f11decb1
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@babel/generator@npm:^7.27.5, @babel/generator@npm:^7.28.3, @babel/generator@npm:^7.7.2":
   version: 7.28.3
   resolution: "@babel/generator@npm:7.28.3"
   dependencies:
@@ -134,6 +159,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@babel/helper-string-parser@npm:^8.0.0-beta.2":
+  version: 8.0.0-beta.2
+  resolution: "@babel/helper-string-parser@npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
+  checksum: 10/43d51311d965e4488953e6a79a7c2b666c0aad23eca85a7afc6af3a66fec07bcda0e5d4b85d528fbcb07fce9894664f2f787c8efeb2e9a9a73743d5405b1ba0e
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:^7.25.9, @babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:^7.27.1":
   version: 7.27.1
   resolution: "@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:7.27.1"
@@ -141,6 +173,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:^8.0.0-beta.2":
+  version: 8.0.0-beta.2
+  resolution: "@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
+  checksum: 10/4862e26d18c99be1f3cbb1973846f48a084f7b9e68ca12e08de8dd06c3acab0b53e2e2a937c03d89a064239f251d3576b1ae2c3d2dbffbecb4e3f6ab42978943
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@babel/helper-validator-option@npm:^7.27.1":
   version: 7.27.1
   resolution: "@babel/helper-validator-option@npm:7.27.1"
@@ -170,7 +209,18 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/parser@npm:7.28.4, @babel/parser@npm:^7.1.0, @babel/parser@npm:^7.14.7, @babel/parser@npm:^7.20.7, @babel/parser@npm:^7.23.9, @babel/parser@npm:^7.27.2, @babel/parser@npm:^7.28.3, @babel/parser@npm:^7.28.4":
+"@babel/parser@npm:8.0.0-beta.2, @babel/parser@npm:^8.0.0-beta.2":
+  version: 8.0.0-beta.2
+  resolution: "@babel/parser@npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/types": "npm:^8.0.0-beta.2"
+  bin:
+    parser: ./bin/babel-parser.js
+  checksum: 10/b6d8c7952c890c3b1a8d1560c5332d0ea8276997bde27febe8ecfbc9d4429e78163c3ed27911126a2d0706ebfe67fdfe761770f6c155fab0984e576033ca2e7e
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@babel/parser@npm:^7.1.0, @babel/parser@npm:^7.14.7, @babel/parser@npm:^7.20.7, @babel/parser@npm:^7.23.9, @babel/parser@npm:^7.27.2, @babel/parser@npm:^7.28.3, @babel/parser@npm:^7.28.4":
   version: 7.28.4
   resolution: "@babel/parser@npm:7.28.4"
   dependencies:
@@ -394,7 +444,17 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/types@npm:7.28.4, @babel/types@npm:^7.0.0, @babel/types@npm:^7.20.7, @babel/types@npm:^7.27.1, @babel/types@npm:^7.27.3, @babel/types@npm:^7.28.2, @babel/types@npm:^7.28.4, @babel/types@npm:^7.3.3":
+"@babel/types@npm:8.0.0-beta.2, @babel/types@npm:^8.0.0-beta.2":
+  version: 8.0.0-beta.2
+  resolution: "@babel/types@npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/helper-string-parser": "npm:^8.0.0-beta.2"
+    "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "npm:^8.0.0-beta.2"
+  checksum: 10/2a1e060816bcaab4ae00a153c9259769d622454c99289e421e72029242ff30dc0a5fb6c6586eb40668029ced68384168c175bc19f3dc4c9fad378083b794126f
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@babel/types@npm:^7.0.0, @babel/types@npm:^7.20.7, @babel/types@npm:^7.27.1, @babel/types@npm:^7.27.3, @babel/types@npm:^7.28.2, @babel/types@npm:^7.28.4, @babel/types@npm:^7.3.3":
   version: 7.28.4
   resolution: "@babel/types@npm:7.28.4"
   dependencies:
@@ -2463,6 +2523,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@types/jsesc@npm:^2.5.0":
+  version: 2.5.1
+  resolution: "@types/jsesc@npm:2.5.1"
+  checksum: 10/25407775ed621790d2eec0cc51e194bd0d67a82e39204fd9748899c249ef965e17d9e6560f6c658773714f6d45a259465f3639790bb55750ebb168ee23801596
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@types/json-schema@npm:^7.0.15":
   version: 7.0.15
   resolution: "@types/json-schema@npm:7.0.15"
@@ -6353,6 +6420,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"js-tokens@npm:^8.0.0":
+  version: 8.0.3
+  resolution: "js-tokens@npm:8.0.3"
+  checksum: 10/af5ed8ddbc446a868c026599214f4a482ab52461edb82e547949255f98910a14bd81ddab88a8d570d74bd7dc96c6d4df7f963794ec5aaf13c53918cc46b9caa6
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "js-yaml@npm:^3.13.1":
   version: 3.14.1
   resolution: "js-yaml@npm:3.14.1"
@@ -7535,10 +7609,10 @@ __metadata:
   resolution: "prettier@workspace:."
   dependencies:
     "@angular/compiler": "npm:20.3.1"
-    "@babel/code-frame": "npm:7.27.1"
-    "@babel/generator": "npm:7.28.3"
-    "@babel/parser": "npm:7.28.4"
-    "@babel/types": "npm:7.28.4"
+    "@babel/code-frame": "npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
+    "@babel/generator": "npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
+    "@babel/parser": "npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
+    "@babel/types": "npm:8.0.0-beta.2"
     "@eslint-react/eslint-plugin": "npm:1.53.1"
     "@eslint/js": "npm:9.35.0"
     "@glimmer/syntax": "npm:0.95.0"