diff --git a/changelog_unreleased/markdown/17746.md b/changelog_unreleased/markdown/17746.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa7516d72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog_unreleased/markdown/17746.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#### Fix blank lines between list items and nested sub-lists being removed in Markdown/MDX (#17746 by @byplayer)
+
+Prettier was removing blank lines between list items and their nested sub-lists, converting loose lists into tight lists and changing their semantic meaning.
+
+<!-- prettier-ignore -->
+```markdown
+<!-- Input -->
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+
+  - d
+
+<!-- Prettier stable -->
+- a
+  - b
+- c
+  - d
+
+<!-- Prettier main -->
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+  - d
+```
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/print/children.js b/src/language-markdown/print/children.js
index 20927c5fc..be78f2e95 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/print/children.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/print/children.js
@@ -64,7 +64,10 @@ function shouldPrePrintDoubleHardline(path, options) {
       isLooseListItemLegacy(previous, options) ||
       (node.type === "list" &&
         parent.type === "listItem" &&
-        previous.type === "code")
+        (previous.type === "code" ||
+          // Preserve blank line before nested list within listItem (issue #17746)
+          previous.type === "paragraph") &&
+        previous.position.end.line + 1 < node.position.start.line)
     ) {
       return true;
     }
@@ -80,7 +83,10 @@ function shouldPrePrintDoubleHardline(path, options) {
       isPreviousNodeLooseListItem(path) ||
       (node.type === "list" &&
         parent.type === "listItem" &&
-        previous.type === "code")
+        (previous.type === "code" ||
+          // Preserve blank line before nested list within listItem (issue #17746)
+          previous.type === "paragraph") &&
+        previous.position.end.line + 1 < node.position.start.line)
     ) {
       return true;
     }
diff --git a/tests/format/markdown/commonmark-test-suite-legacy/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/markdown/commonmark-test-suite-legacy/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index 7a7225918..1db6092de 100644
--- a/tests/format/markdown/commonmark-test-suite-legacy/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/markdown/commonmark-test-suite-legacy/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -818,6 +818,7 @@ proseWrap: "always"
   \`\`\`
 
 - baz
+
   - \`\`\`
     foo
 
diff --git a/tests/format/markdown/commonmark-test-suite/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/markdown/commonmark-test-suite/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index 35fab0c50..c1aa7636c 100644
--- a/tests/format/markdown/commonmark-test-suite/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/markdown/commonmark-test-suite/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -1776,6 +1776,7 @@ proseWrap: "always"
 
 =====================================output=====================================
 1.  foo
+
     - bar
 
 ================================================================================
diff --git a/tests/format/markdown/html/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/markdown/html/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index 8f5c218c0..294f58790 100644
--- a/tests/format/markdown/html/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/markdown/html/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -666,6 +666,7 @@ text <unknown title="line 1
 "></div>
 
 - In list
+
   - In list
 
     <unknown title="line 1
@@ -743,6 +744,7 @@ text <unknown title="line 1
 "></div>
 
 - In list
+
   - In list
 
     <unknown title="line 1
@@ -820,6 +822,7 @@ text <unknown title="line 1
 "></div>
 
 - In list
+
   - In list
 
     <unknown title="line 1
diff --git a/tests/format/markdown/list/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/markdown/list/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index 362474e25..ce2b0e166 100644
--- a/tests/format/markdown/list/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/markdown/list/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -2322,6 +2322,7 @@ tabWidth: 0
 =====================================output=====================================
 - [ ] a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
       a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
+
   - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
     a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -2360,6 +2361,7 @@ tabWidth: 0
 
 1. [ ] a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
        a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
+
    - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
      a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -2401,6 +2403,7 @@ tabWidth: 0
 
           b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
           b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
+
           - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
             a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -2536,6 +2539,7 @@ tabWidth: 4
 =====================================output=====================================
 - [ ] a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
       a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
+
     - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
       a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -2574,6 +2578,7 @@ tabWidth: 4
 
 1. [ ] a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
        a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
+
     - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
       a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -2615,6 +2620,7 @@ tabWidth: 4
 
           b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
           b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
+
           - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
             a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -2750,6 +2756,7 @@ tabWidth: 999
 =====================================output=====================================
 - [ ] a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
       a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
+
      - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
        a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -2788,6 +2795,7 @@ tabWidth: 999
 
 1. [ ] a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
        a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
+
       - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
         a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -2829,6 +2837,7 @@ tabWidth: 999
 
              b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
              b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
+
              - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
                a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -2963,6 +2972,7 @@ proseWrap: "always"
 =====================================output=====================================
 - [ ] a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
       a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
+
   - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
     a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -3001,6 +3011,7 @@ proseWrap: "always"
 
 1. [ ] a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
        a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
+
    - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
      a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -3042,6 +3053,7 @@ proseWrap: "always"
 
           b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
           b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
+
           - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
             a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
 
@@ -3413,6 +3425,7 @@ tabWidth: 0
    2. List
 
 1. Some text, and code block below, with newline after code block
+
    1. Another
    2. List
 
@@ -3470,6 +3483,7 @@ tabWidth: 4
     2. List
 
 1. Some text, and code block below, with newline after code block
+
     1. Another
     2. List
 
@@ -3527,6 +3541,7 @@ tabWidth: 999
       2. List
 
 1. Some text, and code block below, with newline after code block
+
       1. Another
       2. List
 
@@ -3583,6 +3598,7 @@ proseWrap: "always"
    2. List
 
 1. Some text, and code block below, with newline after code block
+
    1. Another
    2. List
 
@@ -3597,6 +3613,485 @@ proseWrap: "always"
 ================================================================================
 `;
 
+exports[`issue-17746.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":0} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 0
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":4} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 4
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+
+    - b
+
+- c
+
+    - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":999} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 999
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+
+     - b
+
+- c
+
+     - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746.md - {"proseWrap":"always"} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-before-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":0} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 0
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-before-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":4} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 4
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+    - b
+- c
+- d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-before-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":999} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 999
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+     - b
+- c
+- d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-before-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always"} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-sibling-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":0} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 0
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+  \`\`\`
+  b
+  \`\`\`
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+  \`\`\`
+  b
+  \`\`\`
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-sibling-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":4} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 4
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+  \`\`\`
+  b
+  \`\`\`
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+    \`\`\`
+    b
+    \`\`\`
+- c
+
+    - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-sibling-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":999} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 999
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+  \`\`\`
+  b
+  \`\`\`
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+     \`\`\`
+     b
+     \`\`\`
+- c
+
+     - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-sibling-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always"} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+  \`\`\`
+  b
+  \`\`\`
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+  \`\`\`
+  b
+  \`\`\`
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":0} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 0
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+- c
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":4} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 4
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+- c
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+    - b
+
+- c
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":999} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 999
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+- c
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+     - b
+
+- c
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always"} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+- c
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":0} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 0
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":4} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 4
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+
+    - b
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":999} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+tabWidth: 999
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+
+     - b
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.md - {"proseWrap":"always"} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["markdown"]
+proseWrap: "always"
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
 exports[`long-paragraph.md - {"proseWrap":"always","tabWidth":0} format 1`] = `
 ====================================options=====================================
 parsers: ["markdown"]
@@ -3681,12 +4176,15 @@ tabWidth: 0
 
 =====================================output=====================================
 - 123
+
   - abc
 
 - 456
+
   - def
 
 - 789
+
   - ghi
 
 ================================================================================
@@ -3713,12 +4211,15 @@ tabWidth: 4
 
 =====================================output=====================================
 - 123
+
     - abc
 
 - 456
+
     - def
 
 - 789
+
     - ghi
 
 ================================================================================
@@ -3745,12 +4246,15 @@ tabWidth: 999
 
 =====================================output=====================================
 - 123
+
      - abc
 
 - 456
+
      - def
 
 - 789
+
      - ghi
 
 ================================================================================
@@ -3776,12 +4280,15 @@ proseWrap: "always"
 
 =====================================output=====================================
 - 123
+
   - abc
 
 - 456
+
   - def
 
 - 789
+
   - ghi
 
 ================================================================================
@@ -3951,6 +4458,7 @@ tabWidth: 0
 =====================================output=====================================
 - parent list item parent list item parent list item parent list item parent
   list item parent list item
+
   - child list item child list item child list item child list item child list
     item child list item
 
@@ -3959,6 +4467,7 @@ tabWidth: 0
 
 - [x] parent task list item parent task list item parent task list item parent
       task list item
+
   - [x] child task list item child task list item child task list item child
         task list item
 
@@ -3990,6 +4499,7 @@ tabWidth: 4
 =====================================output=====================================
 - parent list item parent list item parent list item parent list item parent
   list item parent list item
+
     - child list item child list item child list item child list item child list
       item child list item
 
@@ -3998,6 +4508,7 @@ tabWidth: 4
 
 - [x] parent task list item parent task list item parent task list item parent
       task list item
+
     - [x] child task list item child task list item child task list item child
           task list item
 
@@ -4029,6 +4540,7 @@ tabWidth: 999
 =====================================output=====================================
 - parent list item parent list item parent list item parent list item parent
   list item parent list item
+
      - child list item child list item child list item child list item child
        list item child list item
 
@@ -4037,6 +4549,7 @@ tabWidth: 999
 
 - [x] parent task list item parent task list item parent task list item parent
       task list item
+
      - [x] child task list item child task list item child task list item child
            task list item
 
@@ -4067,6 +4580,7 @@ proseWrap: "always"
 =====================================output=====================================
 - parent list item parent list item parent list item parent list item parent
   list item parent list item
+
   - child list item child list item child list item child list item child list
     item child list item
 
@@ -4075,6 +4589,7 @@ proseWrap: "always"
 
 - [x] parent task list item parent task list item parent task list item parent
       task list item
+
   - [x] child task list item child task list item child task list item child
         task list item
 
@@ -5426,6 +5941,7 @@ tabWidth: 0
   [title](link)
 
 - Text
+
   - foo
   - foo
   - bar
@@ -5484,6 +6000,7 @@ tabWidth: 4
     [title](link)
 
 - Text
+
     - foo
     - foo
     - bar
@@ -5542,6 +6059,7 @@ tabWidth: 999
      [title](link)
 
 - Text
+
      - foo
      - foo
      - bar
@@ -5599,6 +6117,7 @@ proseWrap: "always"
   [title](link)
 
 - Text
+
   - foo
   - foo
   - bar
diff --git a/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-code-before-list.md b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-code-before-list.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58d20f0b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-code-before-list.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
diff --git a/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-code-sibling-nested-list.md b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-code-sibling-nested-list.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd53cf74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-code-sibling-nested-list.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+- a
+  ```
+  b
+  ```
+- c
+
+  - d
diff --git a/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.md b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39f855c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+- ```
+  a
+  ```
+
+  - b
+- c
diff --git a/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.md b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d74648228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-     a
+
+  - b
diff --git a/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746.md b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d41254e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/markdown/list/issue-17746.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+
+  - d
diff --git a/tests/format/mdx/mdx/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
index 3b710e59b..86002f248 100644
--- a/tests/format/mdx/mdx/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
+++ b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/__snapshots__/format.test.js.snap
@@ -368,6 +368,176 @@ opinionated-code-formatter-that-support-many-languages-and-integrate-with-most-e
 ================================================================================
 `;
 
+exports[`issue-17746.mdx - {"semi":false} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["mdx"]
+semi: false
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746.mdx format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["mdx"]
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+
+  - d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+  - d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-before-list.mdx - {"semi":false} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["mdx"]
+semi: false
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-code-before-list.mdx format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["mdx"]
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.mdx - {"semi":false} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["mdx"]
+semi: false
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.mdx format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["mdx"]
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+- \`\`\`
+  a
+  \`\`\`
+
+  - b
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.mdx - {"semi":false} format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["mdx"]
+semi: false
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.mdx format 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["mdx"]
+                                                      printWidth: 80 (default) |
+=====================================input======================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+-     a
+
+  - b
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
 exports[`jsx.mdx - {"semi":false} format 1`] = `
 ====================================options=====================================
 parsers: ["mdx"]
diff --git a/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746-code-before-list.mdx b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746-code-before-list.mdx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58d20f0b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746-code-before-list.mdx
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-     a
+  - b
+- c
+- d
diff --git a/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.mdx b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.mdx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8091b6b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746-fenced-code-then-nested-list.mdx
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+- ```
+  a
+  ```
+
+  - b
diff --git a/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.mdx b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.mdx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d74648228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746-indented-code-then-nested-list.mdx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-     a
+
+  - b
diff --git a/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746.mdx b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746.mdx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d41254e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/format/mdx/mdx/issue-17746.mdx
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+- a
+
+  - b
+
+- c
+
+
+  - d