diff --git a/tests/config/format-test-setup.js b/tests/config/format-test-setup.js
index 98222ffc2..56fb206d2 100644
--- a/tests/config/format-test-setup.js
+++ b/tests/config/format-test-setup.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-import runFormatTest from "./run-format-test.js";
+import { runFormatTest } from "./format-test/index.js";
 
 globalThis.runFormatTest = runFormatTest;
diff --git a/tests/config/utilities/consistent-end-of-line.js b/tests/config/format-test/consistent-end-of-line.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utilities/consistent-end-of-line.js
rename to tests/config/format-test/consistent-end-of-line.js
diff --git a/tests/config/format-test/constants.js b/tests/config/format-test/constants.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2d45137f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/constants.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import path from "node:path";
+import createEsmUtils from "esm-utils";
+import { normalizeDirectory } from "./utilities.js";
+
+const { __dirname } = createEsmUtils(import.meta);
+
+export const FORMAT_SCRIPT_FILENAME = "format.test.js";
+
+export const FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY = normalizeDirectory(
+  path.join(__dirname, "../../format/"),
+);
+
+export const { FULL_TEST, TEST_STANDALONE, NODE_ENV, TEST_RUNTIME } =
+  process.env;
+export const isProduction = NODE_ENV === "production";
+export const BOM = "\uFEFF";
+
+export const CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER = "<|>";
+export const RANGE_START_PLACEHOLDER = "<<<PRETTIER_RANGE_START>>>";
+export const RANGE_END_PLACEHOLDER = "<<<PRETTIER_RANGE_END>>>";
diff --git a/tests/config/utilities/create-snapshot.js b/tests/config/format-test/create-snapshot.js
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/config/utilities/create-snapshot.js
rename to tests/config/format-test/create-snapshot.js
index b8a217399..a33d881d8 100644
--- a/tests/config/utilities/create-snapshot.js
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/create-snapshot.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { wrap as raw } from "jest-snapshot-serializer-raw";
+import { CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER } from "./constants.js";
 import visualizeEndOfLine from "./visualize-end-of-line.js";
 import visualizeRange from "./visualize-range.js";
 
@@ -50,10 +51,7 @@ function printWidthIndicator(printWidth, offset) {
   return `${before}${" ".repeat(printWidth)}| printWidth`;
 }
 
-function createSnapshot(
-  formatResult,
-  { parsers, formatOptions, CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER },
-) {
+function createSnapshot(formatResult, { parsers, formatOptions }) {
   let {
     inputWithCursor: input,
     outputWithCursor: output,
diff --git a/tests/config/failed-format-tests.js b/tests/config/format-test/failed-format-tests.js
similarity index 87%
rename from tests/config/failed-format-tests.js
rename to tests/config/format-test/failed-format-tests.js
index 89e625830..e34ce86b6 100644
--- a/tests/config/failed-format-tests.js
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/failed-format-tests.js
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 import path from "node:path";
-import createEsmUtils from "esm-utils";
-
-const { __dirname } = createEsmUtils(import.meta);
-const fixturesDirectory = path.join(__dirname, "../format/");
+import { FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY } from "./constants.js";
 
 // TODO: these test files need fix
 const unstableTests = new Map(
@@ -39,7 +36,7 @@ const unstableTests = new Map(
     const [file, isUnstable = () => true] = Array.isArray(fixture)
       ? fixture
       : [fixture];
-    return [path.join(fixturesDirectory, file), isUnstable];
+    return [path.join(FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY, file), isUnstable];
   }),
 );
 
@@ -106,17 +103,17 @@ const disabledTests = new Map(
     ],
   }).map(([parser, tests]) => [
     parser,
-    new Set(tests.map((file) => path.join(__dirname, "../format", file))),
+    new Set(tests.map((file) => path.join(FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY, file))),
   ]),
 );
 
-const isUnstable = (filename, options) =>
-  unstableTests.get(filename)?.(options);
+const isUnstable = (filepath, options) =>
+  unstableTests.get(filepath)?.(options);
 
-const isAstUnstable = (filename, options) =>
-  unstableAstTests.get(filename)?.(options);
+const isAstUnstable = (filepath, options) =>
+  unstableAstTests.get(filepath)?.(options);
 
-const shouldDisable = (dirnameOrFilename, parser) =>
-  disabledTests.get(parser)?.has(dirnameOrFilename);
+const shouldDisable = (directoryOrFile, parser) =>
+  disabledTests.get(parser)?.has(directoryOrFile);
 
 export { isAstUnstable, isUnstable, shouldDisable };
diff --git a/tests/config/format-test/get-fixtures.js b/tests/config/format-test/get-fixtures.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f0745c0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/get-fixtures.js
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { FORMAT_SCRIPT_FILENAME } from "./constants.js";
+import { verifyFilename } from "./verify-fixtures.js";
+import visualizeEndOfLine from "./visualize-end-of-line.js";
+
+/**
+@import {Context} from "./run-format-test.js"
+@typedef {Exclude<ReturnType<ReturnType<getFixtures>["next"]>["value"], void>} Fixture
+*/
+
+/**
+@param {Context} context
+*/
+function* getFixtures(context) {
+  yield* getFiles(context);
+  yield* getSnippets(context);
+}
+
+/**
+@param {Context} context
+*/
+function* getFiles(context) {
+  const { dirname } = context;
+  for (const file of fs.readdirSync(dirname, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+    const filename = file.name;
+    const filepath = path.join(dirname, filename);
+    if (
+      !file.isFile() ||
+      filename[0] === "." ||
+      filename === FORMAT_SCRIPT_FILENAME ||
+      // VSCode creates this file sometime https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/105191
+      filename === "debug.log" ||
+      path.extname(filename) === ".snap"
+    ) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const text = fs.readFileSync(filepath, "utf8");
+
+    verifyFilename(context, filename);
+
+    yield {
+      context,
+      name: filename,
+      filename,
+      filepath,
+      code: text,
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+@param {Context} context
+*/
+function* getSnippets(context) {
+  for (const [index, snippet] of context.snippets.entries()) {
+    const testCase =
+      typeof snippet === "string"
+        ? { code: snippet, context }
+        : { ...snippet, context };
+
+    if (typeof testCase.code !== "string") {
+      throw Object.assign(new Error("Invalid test"), { snippet });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof testCase.output === "string") {
+      testCase.output = visualizeEndOfLine(testCase.output);
+    }
+
+    testCase.name = `snippet: ${testCase.name || `#${index}`}`;
+
+    if (typeof testCase.filename === "string") {
+      testCase.filepath = path.join(context.dirname, testCase.filename);
+    }
+
+    yield testCase;
+  }
+}
+
+export { getFixtures };
diff --git a/tests/config/format-test/get-parsers.js b/tests/config/format-test/get-parsers.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2329cabd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/get-parsers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { shouldDisable } from "./failed-format-tests.js";
+import { isErrorTest, isLanguage } from "./utilities.js";
+
+function getParsers(dirname, parsers) {
+  const allParsers = [...parsers];
+  const addParsers = isErrorTest(dirname)
+    ? () => {}
+    : (...parsers) => {
+        for (const parser of parsers) {
+          if (!allParsers.includes(parser) && !shouldDisable(dirname, parser)) {
+            allParsers.push(parser);
+          }
+        }
+      };
+
+  if (
+    parsers.includes("babel") &&
+    (isLanguage(dirname, "js") || isLanguage(dirname, "jsx"))
+  ) {
+    addParsers("acorn", "espree", "meriyah", "oxc");
+  }
+
+  if (parsers.includes("typescript")) {
+    addParsers("babel-ts", "oxc-ts");
+  }
+
+  if (parsers.includes("flow")) {
+    addParsers("hermes");
+  }
+
+  if (parsers.includes("babel")) {
+    addParsers("__babel_estree");
+  }
+
+  return allParsers;
+}
+
+export { getParsers };
diff --git a/tests/config/format-test/index.js b/tests/config/format-test/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee790c00c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { runFormatTest } from "./run-format-test.js";
diff --git a/tests/config/format-test/replace-placeholders.js b/tests/config/format-test/replace-placeholders.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a38b5c0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/replace-placeholders.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import {
+  CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER,
+  RANGE_END_PLACEHOLDER,
+  RANGE_START_PLACEHOLDER,
+} from "./constants.js";
+
+const indexProperties = [
+  {
+    property: "cursorOffset",
+    placeholder: CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER,
+  },
+  {
+    property: "rangeStart",
+    placeholder: RANGE_START_PLACEHOLDER,
+  },
+  {
+    property: "rangeEnd",
+    placeholder: RANGE_END_PLACEHOLDER,
+  },
+];
+function replacePlaceholders(originalText, originalOptions) {
+  const indexes = indexProperties
+    .map(({ property, placeholder }) => {
+      const value = originalText.indexOf(placeholder);
+      return value === -1 ? undefined : { property, value, placeholder };
+    })
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .sort((a, b) => a.value - b.value);
+
+  const options = { ...originalOptions };
+  let text = originalText;
+  let offset = 0;
+  for (const { property, value, placeholder } of indexes) {
+    text = text.replace(placeholder, "");
+    options[property] = value + offset;
+    offset -= placeholder.length;
+  }
+  return { text, options };
+}
+
+export { replacePlaceholders };
diff --git a/tests/config/format-test/run-format-test.js b/tests/config/format-test/run-format-test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6c63e726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/run-format-test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import path from "node:path";
+import url from "node:url";
+import { FORMAT_SCRIPT_FILENAME } from "./constants.js";
+import { getFixtures } from "./get-fixtures.js";
+import { getParsers } from "./get-parsers.js";
+import { testFixture } from "./run-test.js";
+import { stringifyOptionsForTitle } from "./stringify-options-for-title.js";
+import { isErrorTest, normalizeDirectory } from "./utilities.js";
+import { verifyParsers } from "./verify-fixtures.js";
+
+/**
+@typedef {
+  | string
+  | { code: string; name?: string; filename?: string; output?: string }
+} Snippet
+@typedef {{
+  dirname: string,
+  stringifiedOptions: string,
+  parsers: string[],
+  options: any,
+  explicitParsers: string[],
+  rawOptions: any,
+  snippets: Snippet[],
+}} Context
+*/
+
+/**
+@param {
+  | ImportMeta
+  | { importMeta: ImportMeta, snippets?: Snippet[] }
+} rawFixtures
+@param {string[]} explicitParsers
+@param {any} rawOptions
+*/
+function runFormatTest(rawFixtures, explicitParsers, rawOptions) {
+  const { importMeta, snippets = [] } = rawFixtures.importMeta
+    ? rawFixtures
+    : { importMeta: rawFixtures };
+
+  const filename = path.basename(new URL(importMeta.url).pathname);
+  if (filename !== FORMAT_SCRIPT_FILENAME) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Format test should run in file named '${FORMAT_SCRIPT_FILENAME}'.`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const dirname = normalizeDirectory(
+    path.dirname(url.fileURLToPath(importMeta.url)),
+  );
+
+  let options = {
+    printWidth: 80,
+    ...rawOptions,
+  };
+
+  // `IS_ERROR_TEST` mean to watch errors like:
+  // - syntax parser hasn't supported yet
+  // - syntax errors that should throws
+  const IS_ERROR_TEST = isErrorTest(dirname);
+
+  if (IS_ERROR_TEST) {
+    options = { errors: true, ...options };
+  }
+
+  // Make sure tests are in correct location
+
+  const context = {
+    dirname,
+    stringifiedOptions: stringifyOptionsForTitle(rawOptions),
+    parsers: getParsers(dirname, explicitParsers),
+    options,
+    explicitParsers,
+    rawOptions,
+    snippets,
+  };
+
+  verifyParsers(context);
+
+  for (const fixture of getFixtures(context)) {
+    testFixture(fixture);
+  }
+}
+
+export { runFormatTest };
diff --git a/tests/config/format-test/run-prettier.js b/tests/config/format-test/run-prettier.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a97f26ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/run-prettier.js
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import getPrettier from "../get-prettier.js";
+import {
+  CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER,
+  isProduction,
+  TEST_RUNTIME,
+  TEST_STANDALONE,
+} from "./constants.js";
+import { replacePlaceholders } from "./replace-placeholders.js";
+import { ensurePromise } from "./utilities.js";
+import visualizeEndOfLine from "./visualize-end-of-line.js";
+
+async function parse(source, options) {
+  const prettier = await getPrettier();
+  const { ast } = await ensurePromise(
+    prettier.__debug.parse(source, await loadPlugins(options), {
+      massage: true,
+    }),
+  );
+  return ast;
+}
+
+async function format(originalText, originalOptions) {
+  const { text: input, options } = replacePlaceholders(
+    originalText,
+    originalOptions,
+  );
+  const inputWithCursor = insertCursor(input, options.cursorOffset);
+  const prettier = await getPrettier();
+
+  const { formatted: output, cursorOffset } = await ensurePromise(
+    prettier.formatWithCursor(input, await loadPlugins(options)),
+  );
+  const outputWithCursor = insertCursor(output, cursorOffset);
+  const eolVisualizedOutput = visualizeEndOfLine(outputWithCursor);
+
+  const changed = outputWithCursor !== inputWithCursor;
+
+  return {
+    changed,
+    options,
+    input,
+    inputWithCursor,
+    output,
+    outputWithCursor,
+    eolVisualizedOutput,
+  };
+}
+
+const insertCursor = (text, cursorOffset) =>
+  cursorOffset >= 0
+    ? text.slice(0, cursorOffset) +
+      CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER +
+      text.slice(cursorOffset)
+    : text;
+
+// Move this to prettier installation
+let externalParsers;
+async function loadPlugins(options) {
+  if (!isProduction || !options.parser || TEST_RUNTIME === "browser") {
+    return options;
+  }
+
+  const { parser } = options;
+
+  if (!externalParsers) {
+    externalParsers = getExternalPlugins();
+  }
+  externalParsers = await externalParsers;
+  if (!externalParsers.has(parser)) {
+    return options;
+  }
+  const plugin = externalParsers.get(parser);
+
+  const plugins = options.plugins ?? [];
+  plugins.push(TEST_STANDALONE ? plugin.implementation : plugin.url);
+
+  return { ...options, plugins };
+}
+
+async function getExternalPlugins() {
+  const distDirectory = new URL("../../../dist/", import.meta.url);
+  const directories = fs.readdirSync(distDirectory);
+  const plugins = await Promise.all(
+    directories
+      .filter((directory) => directory.startsWith("plugin-"))
+      .map(async (directory) => {
+        const url = new URL(`./${directory}/index.mjs`, distDirectory);
+        const implementation = await import(url);
+        return {
+          url,
+          implementation,
+        };
+      }),
+  );
+  const externalParsers = new Map();
+  for (const plugin of plugins) {
+    const { parsers } = plugin.implementation;
+    if (parsers) {
+      for (const parser of Object.keys(parsers)) {
+        externalParsers.set(parser, plugin);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return externalParsers;
+}
+
+export { format, parse };
diff --git a/tests/config/format-test/run-test.js b/tests/config/format-test/run-test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6adf76410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/run-test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+import consistentEndOfLine from "./consistent-end-of-line.js";
+import { BOM, FULL_TEST } from "./constants.js";
+import createSnapshot from "./create-snapshot.js";
+import * as failedTests from "./failed-format-tests.js";
+import { format, parse } from "./run-prettier.js";
+import { shouldThrowOnFormat } from "./utilities.js";
+import visualizeEndOfLine from "./visualize-end-of-line.js";
+
+/**
+@import {Fixture} from "./get-fixtures.js"
+@typedef {ReturnType<getTestCase>} TestCase
+*/
+
+/**
+@param {Fixture} fixture
+*/
+function testFixture(fixture) {
+  const { name, context, filepath } = fixture;
+  const { stringifiedOptions, parsers } = context;
+
+  const title = `${name}${
+    stringifiedOptions ? ` - ${stringifiedOptions}` : ""
+  }`;
+
+  const testCases = parsers
+    .filter((parser) => !failedTests.shouldDisable(filepath, parser))
+    .map((parser) => getTestCase(fixture, parser));
+
+  const testCaseForSnapshot = testCases.find(
+    (testCase) =>
+      !testCase.expectFail && typeof testCase.expectedOutput !== "string",
+  );
+  const hasMultipleParsers = testCases.length > 1;
+
+  describe(title, () => {
+    for (const testCase of testCases) {
+      let testTitle = "format";
+      if (testCaseForSnapshot !== testCase && hasMultipleParsers) {
+        testTitle += `[${testCase.parser}]`;
+      }
+
+      test(testTitle, async () => {
+        await runTest(testCase, testCaseForSnapshot);
+      });
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+@param {Fixture} fixture
+@param {string} parser
+*/
+function getTestCase(fixture, parser) {
+  const { code, context, filepath } = fixture;
+  const { options } = context;
+  const formatOptions = { filepath, ...options, parser };
+  const expectFail = shouldThrowOnFormat(fixture, options, parser);
+  /** @type {ReturnType<format> | undefined} */
+  let promise;
+
+  return {
+    context,
+    parser,
+    filepath,
+    code,
+    formatOptions,
+    expectFail,
+    expectedOutput: fixture.output,
+    runFormat: () =>
+      promise === undefined ? (promise = format(code, formatOptions)) : promise,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+@param {TestCase} testCase
+@param {TestCase} testCaseForSnapshot
+*/
+async function runTest(testCase, testCaseForSnapshot) {
+  if (testCase.expectFail) {
+    await expect(testCase.runFormat).rejects.toThrowErrorMatchingSnapshot();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const formatResult = await testCase.runFormat();
+  expect(formatResult).toBeDefined();
+
+  // Make sure output has consistent EOL
+  expect(formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput).toBe(
+    visualizeEndOfLine(consistentEndOfLine(formatResult.outputWithCursor)),
+  );
+
+  if (typeof testCase.expectedOutput === "string") {
+    expect(formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput).toBe(testCase.expectedOutput);
+  } else if (testCase === testCaseForSnapshot) {
+    expect(
+      createSnapshot(formatResult, {
+        parsers: testCase.context.explicitParsers,
+        formatOptions: testCase.formatOptions,
+      }),
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
+  } else {
+    const { eolVisualizedOutput } = await testCaseForSnapshot.runFormat();
+    expect(formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput).toStrictEqual(eolVisualizedOutput);
+  }
+
+  if (!FULL_TEST) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const { filepath, code, formatOptions } = testCase;
+  // Some parsers skip parsing empty files
+  if (formatResult.changed && code.trim()) {
+    const { input, output } = formatResult;
+    const [originalAst, formattedAst] = await Promise.all(
+      [input, output].map((code) => parse(code, formatOptions)),
+    );
+    const isAstUnstableTest = failedTests.isAstUnstable(
+      filepath,
+      formatOptions,
+    );
+
+    if (isAstUnstableTest) {
+      expect(formattedAst).not.toStrictEqual(originalAst);
+    } else {
+      expect(formattedAst).toStrictEqual(originalAst);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The following cases should only run on main parser
+  if (testCase === testCaseForSnapshot) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const isUnstableTest = failedTests.isUnstable(filepath, formatOptions);
+  if (
+    (formatResult.changed || isUnstableTest) &&
+    // No range and cursor
+    formatResult.input === code
+  ) {
+    const { eolVisualizedOutput: firstOutput, output } = formatResult;
+    const { eolVisualizedOutput: secondOutput } = await format(
+      output,
+      formatOptions,
+    );
+    if (isUnstableTest) {
+      if (secondOutput === firstOutput) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Unstable file '${filepath}' is stable now, please remove from the 'unstableTests' list.`,
+        );
+      }
+
+      // To keep eye on failed tests, this assert never supposed to pass,
+      // if it fails, just remove the file from `unstableTests`
+      expect(secondOutput).not.toBe(firstOutput);
+    } else {
+      expect(secondOutput).toBe(firstOutput);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!shouldSkipEolTest(code, formatResult.options)) {
+    await Promise.all(
+      ["\r\n", "\r"].map(async (eol) => {
+        const { eolVisualizedOutput: output } = await format(
+          code.replace(/\n/g, eol),
+          formatOptions,
+        );
+        // Only if `endOfLine: "auto"` the result will be different
+        const expected =
+          formatOptions.endOfLine === "auto"
+            ? visualizeEndOfLine(
+                // All `code` use `LF`, so the `eol` of result is always `LF`
+                formatResult.outputWithCursor.replace(/\n/g, eol),
+              )
+            : formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput;
+
+        expect(output).toBe(expected);
+      }),
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (code.charAt(0) !== BOM) {
+    const { eolVisualizedOutput: output } = await format(
+      BOM + code,
+      formatOptions,
+    );
+    const expected = BOM + formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput;
+    expect(output).toBe(expected);
+  }
+}
+
+function shouldSkipEolTest(code, options) {
+  if (code.includes("\r")) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  const { requirePragma, checkIgnorePragma, rangeStart, rangeEnd } = options;
+  if (requirePragma || checkIgnorePragma) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (
+    typeof rangeStart === "number" &&
+    typeof rangeEnd === "number" &&
+    rangeStart >= rangeEnd
+  ) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+export { testFixture };
diff --git a/tests/config/utilities/stringify-options-for-title.js b/tests/config/format-test/stringify-options-for-title.js
similarity index 77%
rename from tests/config/utilities/stringify-options-for-title.js
rename to tests/config/format-test/stringify-options-for-title.js
index 531fc0650..cae349ef7 100644
--- a/tests/config/utilities/stringify-options-for-title.js
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/stringify-options-for-title.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-function stringifyOptions(options) {
+function stringifyOptionsForTitle(options) {
   const string = JSON.stringify(options || {}, (key, value) => {
     if (key === "plugins" || key === "errors") {
       return;
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ function stringifyOptions(options) {
   return string === "{}" ? "" : string;
 }
 
-export default stringifyOptions;
+export { stringifyOptionsForTitle };
diff --git a/tests/config/format-test/utilities.js b/tests/config/format-test/utilities.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d34b66490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/utilities.js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import path from "node:path";
+import { FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY, TEST_STANDALONE } from "./constants.js";
+
+const normalizeDirectory = (directory) => path.normalize(directory + path.sep);
+
+const isLanguage = (dirname, language) =>
+  normalizeDirectory(dirname).startsWith(
+    normalizeDirectory(path.join(FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY, language)),
+  );
+
+const isErrorTest = (dirname) =>
+  normalizeDirectory(dirname).includes(`${path.sep}_errors_${path.sep}`);
+
+const ensurePromise = (value) => {
+  const isPromise = TEST_STANDALONE
+    ? // In standalone test, promise is from another context
+      Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === "[object Promise]"
+    : value instanceof Promise;
+
+  if (!isPromise) {
+    throw new TypeError("Expected value to be a 'Promise'.");
+  }
+
+  return value;
+};
+
+const shouldThrowOnFormat = ({ filename }, options, parser) => {
+  const { errors = {} } = options;
+  if (errors === true) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const files = errors[parser];
+
+  if (files === true || (Array.isArray(files) && files.includes(filename))) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+export {
+  ensurePromise,
+  isErrorTest,
+  isLanguage,
+  normalizeDirectory,
+  shouldThrowOnFormat,
+};
diff --git a/tests/config/utilities/check-parsers.js b/tests/config/format-test/verify-fixtures.js
similarity index 78%
rename from tests/config/utilities/check-parsers.js
rename to tests/config/format-test/verify-fixtures.js
index 58815cc28..04126e84d 100644
--- a/tests/config/utilities/check-parsers.js
+++ b/tests/config/format-test/verify-fixtures.js
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import path from "node:path";
 import createEsmUtils from "esm-utils";
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
+import { FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY, FULL_TEST } from "./constants.js";
 
-const { __dirname, __filename } = createEsmUtils(import.meta);
-
-const TESTS_ROOT = path.join(__dirname, "../../format");
+const { __filename } = createEsmUtils(import.meta);
 
 const getCategory = (dirname) =>
-  path.relative(TESTS_ROOT, dirname).split(path.sep).shift();
+  path.relative(FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY, dirname).split(path.sep).shift();
 
 const categoryParsers = new Map([
   [
@@ -166,19 +165,28 @@ const getParserCategories = (parser) => {
   return categories;
 };
 
-const checkParser = ({ dirname, files }, parsers = []) => {
-  const category = getCategory(dirname);
-  const categoryAllowedParsers = categoryParsers.get(category);
+const verifyParsers = (context) => {
+  if (!FULL_TEST) {
+    return;
+  }
 
-  if (!categoryAllowedParsers) {
+  const { explicitParsers: parsers, dirname } = context;
+
+  if (!Array.isArray(parsers) || parsers.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(`No parsers were specified for ${dirname}`);
+  }
+
+  const category = getCategory(dirname);
+  const settings = categoryParsers.get(category);
+
+  if (!settings) {
     return;
   }
 
   const {
     parsers: allowedParsers = [],
     verifyParsers: allowedVerifyParsers = [],
-    extensions = [],
-  } = categoryAllowedParsers;
+  } = settings;
 
   const [parser, ...verifyParsers] = parsers;
 
@@ -199,7 +207,9 @@ const checkParser = ({ dirname, files }, parsers = []) => {
         : outdent`
           Suggest move your tests to:
           ${suggestCategories
-            .map((category) => `- ${path.join(TESTS_ROOT, category)}`)
+            .map(
+              (category) => `- ${path.join(FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY, category)}`,
+            )
             .join("\n")}
 
           Or config to allow use this parser in "${__filename}".
@@ -224,19 +234,34 @@ const checkParser = ({ dirname, files }, parsers = []) => {
       }
     }
   }
+};
 
-  for (const { name, filename } of files) {
-    const ext = path.extname(filename);
-    if (!extensions.includes(ext)) {
-      throw new Error(
-        outdent`
-          File "${name}" should not tested in "${dirname}".
-          Allowed extensions: ${extensions.join(",")}.
-          Please rename it or config to allow test "${ext}" file in "${__filename}".
-        `,
-      );
-    }
+const verifyFilename = (context, filename) => {
+  if (!FULL_TEST) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const { dirname } = context;
+
+  const category = getCategory(dirname);
+  const settings = categoryParsers.get(category);
+
+  if (!settings) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const { extensions = [] } = settings;
+
+  const ext = path.extname(filename);
+  if (!extensions.includes(ext)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      outdent`
+        File "${filename}" should not tested in "${dirname}".
+        Allowed extensions: ${extensions.join(",")}.
+        Please rename it or config to allow test "${ext}" file in "${__filename}".
+      `,
+    );
   }
 };
 
-export default checkParser;
+export { verifyFilename, verifyParsers };
diff --git a/tests/config/utilities/visualize-end-of-line.js b/tests/config/format-test/visualize-end-of-line.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utilities/visualize-end-of-line.js
rename to tests/config/format-test/visualize-end-of-line.js
diff --git a/tests/config/utilities/visualize-range.js b/tests/config/format-test/visualize-range.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utilities/visualize-range.js
rename to tests/config/format-test/visualize-range.js
diff --git a/tests/config/run-format-test.js b/tests/config/run-format-test.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ae6a2d684..000000000
--- a/tests/config/run-format-test.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,505 +0,0 @@
-import fs from "node:fs";
-import path from "node:path";
-import url from "node:url";
-import createEsmUtils from "esm-utils";
-import * as failedTests from "./failed-format-tests.js";
-import getPrettier from "./get-prettier.js";
-import checkParsers from "./utilities/check-parsers.js";
-import consistentEndOfLine from "./utilities/consistent-end-of-line.js";
-import createSnapshot from "./utilities/create-snapshot.js";
-import stringifyOptionsForTitle from "./utilities/stringify-options-for-title.js";
-import visualizeEndOfLine from "./utilities/visualize-end-of-line.js";
-
-const { __dirname } = createEsmUtils(import.meta);
-
-const { FULL_TEST, TEST_STANDALONE, NODE_ENV, TEST_RUNTIME } = process.env;
-const isProduction = NODE_ENV === "production";
-const BOM = "\uFEFF";
-
-const CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER = "<|>";
-const RANGE_START_PLACEHOLDER = "<<<PRETTIER_RANGE_START>>>";
-const RANGE_END_PLACEHOLDER = "<<<PRETTIER_RANGE_END>>>";
-
-const shouldThrowOnFormat = (filename, options, parser) => {
-  const { errors = {} } = options;
-  if (errors === true) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  const files = errors[parser];
-
-  if (files === true || (Array.isArray(files) && files.includes(filename))) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  return false;
-};
-
-const isTestDirectory = (dirname, name) =>
-  (dirname + path.sep).startsWith(
-    path.join(__dirname, "../format", name) + path.sep,
-  );
-
-const ensurePromise = (value) => {
-  const isPromise = TEST_STANDALONE
-    ? // In standalone test, promise is from another context
-      Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === "[object Promise]"
-    : value instanceof Promise;
-
-  if (!isPromise) {
-    throw new TypeError("Expected value to be a 'Promise'.");
-  }
-
-  return value;
-};
-
-function runFormatTest(fixtures, parsers, options = {}) {
-  let { importMeta, snippets = [] } = fixtures.importMeta
-    ? fixtures
-    : { importMeta: fixtures };
-
-  const filename = path.basename(new URL(importMeta.url).pathname);
-  if (filename !== "format.test.js") {
-    throw new Error(`Format test should run in file named 'format.test.js'.`);
-  }
-
-  const dirname = path.normalize(
-    path.dirname(url.fileURLToPath(importMeta.url)) + path.sep,
-  );
-
-  // `IS_ERROR_TEST` mean to watch errors like:
-  // - syntax parser hasn't supported yet
-  // - syntax errors that should throws
-  const IS_ERROR_TEST = dirname.includes(`${path.sep}_errors_${path.sep}`);
-  if (IS_ERROR_TEST) {
-    options = { errors: true, ...options };
-  }
-
-  snippets = snippets.map((test, index) => {
-    test = typeof test === "string" ? { code: test } : test;
-
-    if (typeof test.code !== "string") {
-      throw Object.assign(new Error("Invalid test"), { test });
-    }
-
-    return {
-      ...test,
-      name: `snippet: ${test.name || `#${index}`}`,
-    };
-  });
-
-  const files = fs
-    .readdirSync(dirname, { withFileTypes: true })
-    .map((file) => {
-      const basename = file.name;
-      const filename = path.join(dirname, basename);
-      if (
-        path.extname(basename) === ".snap" ||
-        !file.isFile() ||
-        basename[0] === "." ||
-        basename === "format.test.js" ||
-        // VSCode creates this file sometime https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/105191
-        basename === "debug.log"
-      ) {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const text = fs.readFileSync(filename, "utf8");
-
-      return {
-        name: basename,
-        filename,
-        code: text,
-      };
-    })
-    .filter(Boolean);
-
-  // Make sure tests are in correct location
-  if (process.env.CHECK_TEST_PARSERS) {
-    if (!Array.isArray(parsers) || parsers.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error(`No parsers were specified for ${dirname}`);
-    }
-    checkParsers({ dirname, files }, parsers);
-  }
-
-  const allParsers = [...parsers];
-  const addParsers = (...parsers) => {
-    if (IS_ERROR_TEST) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    for (const parser of parsers) {
-      if (
-        !allParsers.includes(parser) &&
-        !failedTests.shouldDisable(dirname, parser)
-      ) {
-        allParsers.push(parser);
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  if (
-    parsers.includes("babel") &&
-    (isTestDirectory(dirname, "js") || isTestDirectory(dirname, "jsx"))
-  ) {
-    addParsers("acorn", "espree", "meriyah", "oxc");
-  }
-
-  if (parsers.includes("typescript")) {
-    addParsers("babel-ts", "oxc-ts");
-  }
-
-  if (parsers.includes("flow")) {
-    addParsers("hermes");
-  }
-
-  if (parsers.includes("babel")) {
-    addParsers("__babel_estree");
-  }
-
-  const stringifiedOptions = stringifyOptionsForTitle(options);
-
-  for (const { name, filename, code, output } of [...files, ...snippets]) {
-    const title = `${name}${
-      stringifiedOptions ? ` - ${stringifiedOptions}` : ""
-    }`;
-
-    describe(title, () => {
-      const basicOptions = {
-        printWidth: 80,
-        filepath: filename,
-        ...options,
-      };
-
-      const testCases = allParsers
-        .filter((parser) => !failedTests.shouldDisable(filename, parser))
-        .map((parser) => {
-          const formatOptions = { ...basicOptions, parser };
-          const expectFail = shouldThrowOnFormat(name, options, parser);
-          return {
-            parser,
-            explicitParsers: parsers,
-            code,
-            formatOptions,
-            expectFail,
-            expectedOutput: output,
-            runFormat: () => format(code, formatOptions),
-          };
-        });
-      const testCaseForSnapshot = testCases.find(
-        (testCase) =>
-          !testCase.expectFail && typeof testCase.expectedOutput !== "string",
-      );
-
-      beforeAll(async () => {
-        await Promise.all(
-          testCases.map(async (test) => {
-            if (test.expectFail) {
-              return;
-            }
-
-            try {
-              test.formatResult = await test.runFormat();
-            } catch (error) {
-              test.error = error;
-            }
-          }),
-        );
-      });
-
-      const hasMultipleParsers = testCases.length > 1;
-
-      for (const testCase of testCases) {
-        const testTitle = `format${testCaseForSnapshot !== testCase && hasMultipleParsers ? `[${testCase.parser}]` : ""}`;
-
-        test(testTitle, async () => {
-          await runTest({
-            filename,
-            code,
-            output,
-            result: testCase,
-            testCaseForSnapshot,
-          });
-        });
-      }
-    });
-  }
-}
-
-async function runTest({
-  filename,
-  code,
-  output,
-  result,
-  testCaseForSnapshot,
-}) {
-  if (result.expectFail) {
-    await expect(result.runFormat).rejects.toThrowErrorMatchingSnapshot();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const { error, formatResult } = result;
-  if (!formatResult) {
-    throw error;
-  }
-
-  expect(formatResult).toBeDefined();
-
-  // Make sure output has consistent EOL
-  expect(formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput).toBe(
-    visualizeEndOfLine(consistentEndOfLine(formatResult.outputWithCursor)),
-  );
-
-  if (typeof result.expectedOutput === "string") {
-    expect(formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput).toBe(visualizeEndOfLine(output));
-  } else {
-    expect(testCaseForSnapshot).toBeDefined();
-    expect(testCaseForSnapshot.formatResult).toBeDefined();
-
-    if (testCaseForSnapshot === result) {
-      expect(
-        createSnapshot(testCaseForSnapshot.formatResult, {
-          parsers: testCaseForSnapshot.explicitParsers,
-          formatOptions: testCaseForSnapshot.formatOptions,
-          CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER,
-        }),
-      ).toMatchSnapshot();
-    } else {
-      expect(formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput).toStrictEqual(
-        testCaseForSnapshot.formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput,
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!FULL_TEST) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const { formatOptions } = result;
-
-  // Some parsers skip parsing empty files
-  if (formatResult.changed && code.trim()) {
-    const { input, output } = formatResult;
-    const [originalAst, formattedAst] = await Promise.all(
-      [input, output].map((code) => parse(code, formatOptions)),
-    );
-    const isAstUnstableTest = failedTests.isAstUnstable(
-      filename,
-      formatOptions,
-    );
-
-    if (isAstUnstableTest) {
-      expect(formattedAst).not.toStrictEqual(originalAst);
-    } else {
-      expect(formattedAst).toStrictEqual(originalAst);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (testCaseForSnapshot === result) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const isUnstableTest = failedTests.isUnstable(filename, formatOptions);
-  if (
-    (formatResult.changed || isUnstableTest) &&
-    // No range and cursor
-    formatResult.input === code
-  ) {
-    const { eolVisualizedOutput: firstOutput, output } = formatResult;
-    const { eolVisualizedOutput: secondOutput } = await format(
-      output,
-      formatOptions,
-    );
-    if (isUnstableTest) {
-      if (secondOutput === firstOutput) {
-        throw new Error(
-          `Unstable file '${filename}' is stable now, please remove from the 'unstableTests' list.`,
-        );
-      }
-
-      // To keep eye on failed tests, this assert never supposed to pass,
-      // if it fails, just remove the file from `unstableTests`
-      expect(secondOutput).not.toBe(firstOutput);
-    } else {
-      expect(secondOutput).toBe(firstOutput);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!shouldSkipEolTest(code, formatResult.options)) {
-    await Promise.all(
-      ["\r\n", "\r"].map(async (eol) => {
-        const { eolVisualizedOutput: output } = await format(
-          code.replace(/\n/g, eol),
-          formatOptions,
-        );
-        // Only if `endOfLine: "auto"` the result will be different
-        const expected =
-          formatOptions.endOfLine === "auto"
-            ? visualizeEndOfLine(
-                // All `code` use `LF`, so the `eol` of result is always `LF`
-                formatResult.outputWithCursor.replace(/\n/g, eol),
-              )
-            : formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput;
-
-        expect(output).toBe(expected);
-      }),
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (code.charAt(0) !== BOM) {
-    const { eolVisualizedOutput: output } = await format(
-      BOM + code,
-      formatOptions,
-    );
-    const expected = BOM + formatResult.eolVisualizedOutput;
-    expect(output).toBe(expected);
-  }
-}
-
-function shouldSkipEolTest(code, options) {
-  if (code.includes("\r")) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  const { requirePragma, checkIgnorePragma, rangeStart, rangeEnd } = options;
-  if (requirePragma || checkIgnorePragma) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  if (
-    typeof rangeStart === "number" &&
-    typeof rangeEnd === "number" &&
-    rangeStart >= rangeEnd
-  ) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-async function parse(source, options) {
-  const prettier = await getPrettier();
-  const { ast } = await ensurePromise(
-    prettier.__debug.parse(source, await loadPlugins(options), {
-      massage: true,
-    }),
-  );
-  return ast;
-}
-
-const indexProperties = [
-  {
-    property: "cursorOffset",
-    placeholder: CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER,
-  },
-  {
-    property: "rangeStart",
-    placeholder: RANGE_START_PLACEHOLDER,
-  },
-  {
-    property: "rangeEnd",
-    placeholder: RANGE_END_PLACEHOLDER,
-  },
-];
-function replacePlaceholders(originalText, originalOptions) {
-  const indexes = indexProperties
-    .map(({ property, placeholder }) => {
-      const value = originalText.indexOf(placeholder);
-      return value === -1 ? undefined : { property, value, placeholder };
-    })
-    .filter(Boolean)
-    .sort((a, b) => a.value - b.value);
-
-  const options = { ...originalOptions };
-  let text = originalText;
-  let offset = 0;
-  for (const { property, value, placeholder } of indexes) {
-    text = text.replace(placeholder, "");
-    options[property] = value + offset;
-    offset -= placeholder.length;
-  }
-  return { text, options };
-}
-
-const insertCursor = (text, cursorOffset) =>
-  cursorOffset >= 0
-    ? text.slice(0, cursorOffset) +
-      CURSOR_PLACEHOLDER +
-      text.slice(cursorOffset)
-    : text;
-async function format(originalText, originalOptions) {
-  const { text: input, options } = replacePlaceholders(
-    originalText,
-    originalOptions,
-  );
-  const inputWithCursor = insertCursor(input, options.cursorOffset);
-  const prettier = await getPrettier();
-
-  const { formatted: output, cursorOffset } = await ensurePromise(
-    prettier.formatWithCursor(input, await loadPlugins(options)),
-  );
-  const outputWithCursor = insertCursor(output, cursorOffset);
-  const eolVisualizedOutput = visualizeEndOfLine(outputWithCursor);
-
-  const changed = outputWithCursor !== inputWithCursor;
-
-  return {
-    changed,
-    options,
-    input,
-    inputWithCursor,
-    output,
-    outputWithCursor,
-    eolVisualizedOutput,
-  };
-}
-
-async function getExternalPlugins() {
-  const distDirectory = new URL("../../dist/", import.meta.url);
-  const directories = fs.readdirSync(distDirectory);
-  const plugins = await Promise.all(
-    directories
-      .filter((directory) => directory.startsWith("plugin-"))
-      .map(async (directory) => {
-        const url = new URL(`./${directory}/index.mjs`, distDirectory);
-        const implementation = await import(url);
-        return {
-          url,
-          implementation,
-        };
-      }),
-  );
-  const externalParsers = new Map();
-  for (const plugin of plugins) {
-    const { parsers } = plugin.implementation;
-    if (parsers) {
-      for (const parser of Object.keys(parsers)) {
-        externalParsers.set(parser, plugin);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return externalParsers;
-}
-
-let externalParsers;
-async function loadPlugins(options) {
-  if (!isProduction || !options.parser || TEST_RUNTIME === "browser") {
-    return options;
-  }
-
-  const { parser } = options;
-
-  if (!externalParsers) {
-    externalParsers = getExternalPlugins();
-  }
-  externalParsers = await externalParsers;
-  if (!externalParsers.has(parser)) {
-    return options;
-  }
-  const plugin = externalParsers.get(parser);
-
-  const plugins = options.plugins ?? [];
-  plugins.push(TEST_STANDALONE ? plugin.implementation : plugin.url);
-
-  return { ...options, plugins };
-}
-
-export default runFormatTest;