diff --git a/changelog_unreleased/api/17679.md b/changelog_unreleased/api/17679.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1565b6967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog_unreleased/api/17679.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#### Allow `plugin.parser.preprocess()` to return a `Promise` (#17679 by @fisker)
+
+Align with [`plugin.printer.preprocess()`](https://prettier.io/docs/plugins#optional-preprocess), which allows to return a `Promise`.
+
+We still suggest move your async work into `plugin.parser.parse()`, which already allow to return a `Promise`, we may remove support for `plugin.parser.preprocess()` in future.
diff --git a/docs/plugins.md b/docs/plugins.md
index 639bb6ea1..d57095ad6 100644
--- a/docs/plugins.md
+++ b/docs/plugins.md
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ function hasIgnorePragma(text: string): boolean;
 _(Optional)_ The preprocess function can process the input text before passing into `parse` function.
 
 ```ts
-function preprocess(text: string, options: object): string;
+function preprocess(text: string, options: object): string | Promise<string>;
 ```
 
 ### `printers`
diff --git a/src/index.d.ts b/src/index.d.ts
index 3cb809ad1..7d69e54ab 100644
--- a/src/index.d.ts
+++ b/src/index.d.ts
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ export interface Parser<T = any> {
   locStart: (node: T) => number;
   locEnd: (node: T) => number;
   preprocess?:
-    | ((text: string, options: ParserOptions<T>) => string)
+    | ((text: string, options: ParserOptions<T>) => string | Promise<string>)
     | undefined;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/main/parse.js b/src/main/parse.js
index faef62ebf..18fc564a7 100644
--- a/src/main/parse.js
+++ b/src/main/parse.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { resolveParser } from "./parser-and-printer.js";
 async function parse(originalText, options) {
   const parser = await resolveParser(options);
   const text = parser.preprocess
-    ? parser.preprocess(originalText, options)
+    ? await parser.preprocess(originalText, options)
     : originalText;
   options.originalText = text;
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/__tests__/plugin-preprocess.js b/tests/integration/__tests__/plugin-preprocess.js
index 9affc78c6..702785283 100644
--- a/tests/integration/__tests__/plugin-preprocess.js
+++ b/tests/integration/__tests__/plugin-preprocess.js
@@ -7,4 +7,16 @@ describe("parser preprocess function is used to reshape input text", () => {
     status: 0,
     write: [],
   });
+  runCli(
+    "plugins/preprocess",
+    ["*.foo", "--plugin=./plugin-with-async-preprocess.cjs"],
+    {
+      ignoreLineEndings: true,
+    },
+  ).test({
+    stdout: "preprocessed:async:contents",
+    stderr: "",
+    status: 0,
+    write: [],
+  });
 });
diff --git a/tests/integration/plugins/preprocess/plugin-with-async-preprocess.cjs b/tests/integration/plugins/preprocess/plugin-with-async-preprocess.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d9d144f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/plugins/preprocess/plugin-with-async-preprocess.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"use strict";
+
+module.exports = {
+  languages: [
+    {
+      name: "foo",
+      parsers: ["foo-parser"],
+      extensions: [".foo"],
+      since: "1.0.0",
+    },
+  ],
+  parsers: {
+    "foo-parser": {
+      preprocess: (text) => Promise.resolve(`preprocessed:async:${text}`),
+      parse: (text) => ({ text }),
+      astFormat: "foo-ast",
+    },
+  },
+  printers: {
+    "foo-ast": {
+      print: ({ node }) => node.text,
+    },
+  },
+};
diff --git a/tests/integration/plugins/preprocess/plugin.cjs b/tests/integration/plugins/preprocess/plugin.cjs
index 0e11e2138..43be9f76f 100644
--- a/tests/integration/plugins/preprocess/plugin.cjs
+++ b/tests/integration/plugins/preprocess/plugin.cjs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ module.exports = {
   },
   printers: {
     "foo-ast": {
-      print: (path) => path.getValue().text,
+      print: ({ node }) => node.text,
     },
   },
 };