diff --git a/src/language-html/ast.js b/src/language-html/ast.js
index ced49dcf9..fe7d38c80 100644
--- a/src/language-html/ast.js
+++ b/src/language-html/ast.js
@@ -72,6 +72,18 @@ class Node {
     return fn(newNode || this);
   }
 
+  walk(fn) {
+    for (const NODES_KEY in NODES_KEYS) {
+      const nodes = this[NODES_KEY];
+      if (nodes) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+          nodes[i].walk(fn);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    fn(this);
+  }
+
   /**
    * @param {Object} [overrides]
    */
@@ -79,6 +91,13 @@ class Node {
     return new Node(overrides ? { ...this, ...overrides } : this);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param {Array} [children]
+   */
+  setChildren(children) {
+    this._setNodes("children", children);
+  }
+
   get firstChild() {
     // @ts-ignore
     return isNonEmptyArray(this.children) ? this.children[0] : null;
diff --git a/src/language-html/print-preprocess.js b/src/language-html/print-preprocess.js
index 06a048e10..66545bba9 100644
--- a/src/language-html/print-preprocess.js
+++ b/src/language-html/print-preprocess.js
@@ -31,14 +31,15 @@ const PREPROCESS_PIPELINE = [
 ];
 
 function preprocess(ast, options) {
+  const res = ast.map((node) => node);
   for (const fn of PREPROCESS_PIPELINE) {
-    ast = fn(ast, options);
+    fn(res, options);
   }
-  return ast;
+  return res;
 }
 
 function removeIgnorableFirstLf(ast /*, options */) {
-  return ast.map((node) => {
+  ast.walk((node) => {
     if (
       node.type === "element" &&
       node.tagDefinition.ignoreFirstLf &&
@@ -47,14 +48,12 @@ function removeIgnorableFirstLf(ast /*, options */) {
       node.children[0].value[0] === "\n"
     ) {
       const [text, ...rest] = node.children;
-      return node.clone({
-        children:
-          text.value.length === 1
-            ? rest
-            : [text.clone({ value: text.value.slice(1) }), ...rest],
-      });
+      node.setChildren(
+        text.value.length === 1
+          ? rest
+          : [text.clone({ value: text.value.slice(1) }), ...rest]
+      );
     }
-    return node;
   });
 }
 
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ function mergeIeConditonalStartEndCommentIntoElementOpeningTag(
     node.firstChild &&
     node.firstChild.type === "ieConditionalEndComment" &&
     node.firstChild.sourceSpan.start.offset === node.startSourceSpan.end.offset;
-  return ast.map((node) => {
+  ast.walk((node) => {
     if (node.children) {
       const isTargetResults = node.children.map(isTarget);
       if (isTargetResults.some(Boolean)) {
@@ -114,15 +113,14 @@ function mergeIeConditonalStartEndCommentIntoElementOpeningTag(
           newChildren.push(child);
         }
 
-        return node.clone({ children: newChildren });
+        node.setChildren(newChildren);
       }
     }
-    return node;
   });
 }
 
 function mergeNodeIntoText(ast, shouldMerge, getValue) {
-  return ast.map((node) => {
+  ast.walk((node) => {
     if (node.children) {
       const shouldMergeResults = node.children.map(shouldMerge);
       if (shouldMergeResults.some(Boolean)) {
@@ -159,11 +157,9 @@ function mergeNodeIntoText(ast, shouldMerge, getValue) {
             })
           );
         }
-        return node.clone({ children: newChildren });
+        node.setChildren(newChildren);
       }
     }
-
-    return node;
   });
 }
 
@@ -192,7 +188,7 @@ function mergeSimpleElementIntoText(ast /*, options */) {
     node.prev.type === "text" &&
     node.next &&
     node.next.type === "text";
-  return ast.map((node) => {
+  ast.walk((node) => {
     if (node.children) {
       const isSimpleElementResults = node.children.map(isSimpleElement);
       if (isSimpleElementResults.some(Boolean)) {
@@ -223,22 +219,21 @@ function mergeSimpleElementIntoText(ast /*, options */) {
             newChildren.push(child);
           }
         }
-        return node.clone({ children: newChildren });
+        node.setChildren(newChildren);
       }
     }
-    return node;
   });
 }
 
 function extractInterpolation(ast, options) {
   if (options.parser === "html") {
-    return ast;
+    return;
   }
 
   const interpolationRegex = /{{(.+?)}}/gs;
-  return ast.map((node) => {
+  ast.walk((node) => {
     if (!canHaveInterpolation(node)) {
-      return node;
+      return;
     }
 
     const newChildren = [];
@@ -292,7 +287,7 @@ function extractInterpolation(ast, options) {
       }
     }
 
-    return node.clone({ children: newChildren });
+    node.setChildren(newChildren);
   });
 }
 
@@ -305,9 +300,9 @@ function extractInterpolation(ast, options) {
  */
 const WHITESPACE_NODE = { type: "whitespace" };
 function extractWhitespaces(ast /*, options*/) {
-  return ast.map((node) => {
+  ast.walk((node) => {
     if (!node.children) {
-      return node;
+      return;
     }
 
     if (
@@ -316,19 +311,16 @@ function extractWhitespaces(ast /*, options*/) {
         node.children[0].type === "text" &&
         htmlTrim(node.children[0].value).length === 0)
     ) {
-      return node.clone({
-        children: [],
-        hasDanglingSpaces: node.children.length > 0,
-      });
+      node.hasDanglingSpaces = node.children.length > 0;
+      node.children = [];
+      return;
     }
 
     const isWhitespaceSensitive = isWhitespaceSensitiveNode(node);
     const isIndentationSensitive = isIndentationSensitiveNode(node);
 
-    return node.clone({
-      isWhitespaceSensitive,
-      isIndentationSensitive,
-      children: node.children
+    node.setChildren(
+      node.children
         // extract whitespace nodes
         .flatMap((child) => {
           if (child.type !== "text" || isWhitespaceSensitive) {
@@ -374,13 +366,15 @@ function extractWhitespaces(ast /*, options*/) {
           };
         })
         // filter whitespace nodes
-        .filter(Boolean),
-    });
+        .filter(Boolean)
+    );
+    node.isWhitespaceSensitive = isWhitespaceSensitive;
+    node.isIndentationSensitive = isIndentationSensitive;
   });
 }
 
 function addIsSelfClosing(ast /*, options */) {
-  return ast.map((node) =>
+  ast.walk((node) =>
     Object.assign(node, {
       isSelfClosing:
         !node.children ||
@@ -393,7 +387,7 @@ function addIsSelfClosing(ast /*, options */) {
 }
 
 function addHasHtmComponentClosingTag(ast, options) {
-  return ast.map((node) =>
+  ast.walk((node) =>
     node.type !== "element"
       ? node
       : Object.assign(node, {
@@ -410,7 +404,7 @@ function addHasHtmComponentClosingTag(ast, options) {
 }
 
 function addCssDisplay(ast, options) {
-  return ast.map((node) =>
+  ast.walk((node) =>
     Object.assign(node, { cssDisplay: getNodeCssStyleDisplay(node, options) })
   );
 }
@@ -421,19 +415,18 @@ function addCssDisplay(ast, options) {
  * - add `isDanglingSpaceSensitive` field for parent nodes
  */
 function addIsSpaceSensitive(ast, options) {
-  return ast.map((node) => {
+  ast.walk((node) => {
     if (!node.children) {
-      return node;
+      return;
     }
 
     if (node.children.length === 0) {
-      return node.clone({
-        isDanglingSpaceSensitive: isDanglingSpaceSensitiveNode(node),
-      });
+      node.isDanglingSpaceSensitive = isDanglingSpaceSensitiveNode(node);
+      return;
     }
 
-    return node.clone({
-      children: node.children
+    node.setChildren(
+      node.children
         .map((child) => ({
           ...child,
           isLeadingSpaceSensitive: isLeadingSpaceSensitiveNode(child, options),
@@ -454,8 +447,8 @@ function addIsSpaceSensitive(ast, options) {
               ? child.isTrailingSpaceSensitive
               : children[index + 1].isLeadingSpaceSensitive &&
                 child.isTrailingSpaceSensitive,
-        })),
-    });
+        }))
+    );
   });
 }