diff --git a/commands.md b/commands.md
index f42ab0831..8cbfd1c7c 100644
--- a/commands.md
+++ b/commands.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-The core of the algorithm is implemented in `src/document/{printer,builders,utils}.js`. The printer uses the basic formatting abstractions provided to construct a format when printing a node.
+The core of the algorithm is implemented in `src/document/{printer,builders,utilities}/`. The printer uses the basic formatting abstractions provided to construct a format when printing a node.
 
 ## Prettier's intermediate representation: `Doc`
 
diff --git a/eslint.config.js b/eslint.config.js
index 4cadfb36e..b32e79a90 100644
--- a/eslint.config.js
+++ b/eslint.config.js
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ const configs = [
       "prettier-internal-rules/no-node-comments": [
         "error",
         {
-          file: "src/language-js/utils/index.js",
+          file: "src/language-js/utilities/index.js",
           functions: ["hasComment", "getComments"],
         },
         "src/language-js/pragma.js",
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ const configs = [
         "src/language-js/parse/json.js",
         "src/language-js/parse/acorn.js",
         "src/language-js/parse/oxc.js",
-        "src/language-js/parse/utils/wrap-babel-expression.js",
+        "src/language-js/parse/utilities/wrap-babel-expression.js",
       ],
       "prettier-internal-rules/prefer-create-type-check-function": [
         "error",
diff --git a/jest.config.js b/jest.config.js
index 439d658a1..b0b1c5b23 100644
--- a/jest.config.js
+++ b/jest.config.js
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ if (nodejsMajorVersion <= 14) {
   testPathIgnorePatterns.push(
     "<rootDir>/tests/integration/__tests__/plugin-parsers.js",
     "<rootDir>/tests/integration/__tests__/normalize-doc.js",
-    "<rootDir>/tests/integration/__tests__/doc-utils-clean-doc.js",
+    "<rootDir>/tests/integration/__tests__/doc-utilities-clean-doc.js",
     "<rootDir>/tests/integration/__tests__/config-invalid.js",
     // `@prettier/cli` uses `node:stream/consumers`, not available on Node.js v14
     "<rootDir>/tests/integration/__tests__/experimental-cli.js",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 8264380a3..871b30c10 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
       "src/index.cjs",
       "src/document/debug.js",
       "src/universal/*.browser.js",
-      "src/utils/unexpected-node-error.js",
+      "src/utilities/unexpected-node-error.js",
       "src/language-js/types/estree.d.ts",
       "src/**/**/*.d.ts"
     ]
diff --git a/scripts/benchmark/bench.js b/scripts/benchmark/bench.js
index 59bc10cbe..d6869417e 100644
--- a/scripts/benchmark/bench.js
+++ b/scripts/benchmark/bench.js
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ const groupSize = Number(groupSizeString);
 const { format } = await import(`./${version}/dist/index.mjs`);
 
 const sourceText = readFileSync(
-  process.env.PRETTIER_PERF_FILENAME || "../../src/language-js/utils/index.js",
+  process.env.PRETTIER_PERF_FILENAME ||
+    "../../src/language-js/utilities/index.js",
   "utf8",
 );
 
diff --git a/scripts/build-website.js b/scripts/build-website.js
index 7f3a90b67..226f6b55a 100644
--- a/scripts/build-website.js
+++ b/scripts/build-website.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   WEBSITE_DIR,
   writeFile,
   writeJson,
-} from "./utils/index.js";
+} from "./utilities/index.js";
 
 const runYarn = (command, args, options) =>
   spawn("yarn", [command, ...args], { stdio: "inherit", ...options });
diff --git a/scripts/build/build-dependencies-license.js b/scripts/build/build-dependencies-license.js
index d75d8e589..c9d1b4b80 100644
--- a/scripts/build/build-dependencies-license.js
+++ b/scripts/build/build-dependencies-license.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
 import rollupPluginLicense from "rollup-plugin-license";
-import { PROJECT_ROOT } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { PROJECT_ROOT } from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 const separator = `\n${"-".repeat(40)}\n\n`;
 
diff --git a/scripts/build/build-javascript-module.js b/scripts/build/build-javascript-module.js
index fe78ab6a7..f259cdbc9 100644
--- a/scripts/build/build-javascript-module.js
+++ b/scripts/build/build-javascript-module.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import createEsmUtils from "esm-utils";
 import {
   PRODUCTION_MINIMAL_NODE_JS_VERSION,
   PROJECT_ROOT,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import esbuildPluginAddDefaultExport from "./esbuild-plugins/add-default-export.js";
 import esbuildPluginEvaluate from "./esbuild-plugins/evaluate.js";
 import esbuildPluginPrimitiveDefine from "./esbuild-plugins/primitive-define.js";
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import esbuildPluginThrowWarnings from "./esbuild-plugins/throw-warnings.js";
 import esbuildPluginUmd from "./esbuild-plugins/umd.js";
 import esbuildPluginVisualizer from "./esbuild-plugins/visualizer.js";
 import transform from "./transform/index.js";
-import { getPackageFile } from "./utils.js";
+import { getPackageFile } from "./utilities.js";
 
 const {
   readJsonSync,
diff --git a/scripts/build/build-package-json.js b/scripts/build/build-package-json.js
index e9f7f7fe6..3283b2580 100644
--- a/scripts/build/build-package-json.js
+++ b/scripts/build/build-package-json.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   PROJECT_ROOT,
   readJson,
   writeJson,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 const keysToKeep = [
   "name",
diff --git a/scripts/build/build-types.js b/scripts/build/build-types.js
index 358b25469..86f1c9ef0 100644
--- a/scripts/build/build-types.js
+++ b/scripts/build/build-types.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import url from "node:url";
 import { isValidIdentifier } from "@babel/types";
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
-import { PROJECT_ROOT, writeFile } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { PROJECT_ROOT, writeFile } from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 async function typesFileBuilder({ packageConfig, file }) {
   /**
diff --git a/scripts/build/build.js b/scripts/build/build.js
index bbf30a308..584f9623e 100644
--- a/scripts/build/build.js
+++ b/scripts/build/build.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import createEsmUtils from "esm-utils";
 import styleText from "node-style-text";
 import prettyBytes from "pretty-bytes";
 import prettyMilliseconds from "pretty-ms";
-import { DIST_DIR } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { DIST_DIR } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import packageConfigs from "./config.js";
 import parseArguments from "./parse-arguments.js";
 
diff --git a/scripts/build/config.js b/scripts/build/config.js
index 79b88b961..28aa80abf 100644
--- a/scripts/build/config.js
+++ b/scripts/build/config.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import url from "node:url";
 import createEsmUtils from "esm-utils";
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
-import { copyFile, DIST_DIR, PROJECT_ROOT } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { copyFile, DIST_DIR, PROJECT_ROOT } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import buildDependenciesLicense from "./build-dependencies-license.js";
 import buildJavascriptModule from "./build-javascript-module.js";
 import buildOxcWasmParser from "./build-oxc-wasm-parser.js";
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import {
 import buildTypes from "./build-types.js";
 import esmifyTypescriptEslint from "./esmify-typescript-eslint.js";
 import modifyTypescriptModule from "./modify-typescript-module.js";
-import { getPackageFile } from "./utils.js";
+import { getPackageFile } from "./utilities.js";
 
 const {
   require,
diff --git a/scripts/build/esmify-typescript-eslint.js b/scripts/build/esmify-typescript-eslint.js
index 694b4e862..f2e5ff92d 100644
--- a/scripts/build/esmify-typescript-eslint.js
+++ b/scripts/build/esmify-typescript-eslint.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import * as path from "node:path";
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
-import { PROJECT_ROOT, writeFile } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { PROJECT_ROOT, writeFile } from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 function esmifyTypescriptEslint(text) {
   /*
diff --git a/scripts/build/modify-typescript-module.js b/scripts/build/modify-typescript-module.js
index 7a93bd891..1aa8d77df 100644
--- a/scripts/build/modify-typescript-module.js
+++ b/scripts/build/modify-typescript-module.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import escapeStringRegexp from "escape-string-regexp";
 import MagicString from "magic-string";
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
-import { PROJECT_ROOT, writeFile } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { PROJECT_ROOT, writeFile } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import UNUSED_SPECIFIERS from "./typescript-unused-specifiers.js";
 
 function* getModules(text) {
diff --git a/scripts/build/parse-arguments.js b/scripts/build/parse-arguments.js
index 25c0743c7..fb0b6a99d 100644
--- a/scripts/build/parse-arguments.js
+++ b/scripts/build/parse-arguments.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import path from "node:path";
 import { parseArgs } from "node:util";
-import { DIST_DIR } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { DIST_DIR } from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 const isUnique = (array) => new Set(array).size === array.length;
 
diff --git a/scripts/build/transform/index.js b/scripts/build/transform/index.js
index 07e82694c..84a38c86d 100644
--- a/scripts/build/transform/index.js
+++ b/scripts/build/transform/index.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import generate from "@babel/generator";
 import { parse } from "@babel/parser";
 import { traverseFast as traverse } from "@babel/types";
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
-import { PROJECT_ROOT, SOURCE_DIR } from "../../utils/index.js";
+import { PROJECT_ROOT, SOURCE_DIR } from "../../utilities/index.js";
 import * as transforms from "./transforms/index.js";
 
 const packageTransforms = new Map([
diff --git a/scripts/build/transform/transforms/get-public-doc-functionality.js b/scripts/build/transform/transforms/get-public-doc-functionality.js
index 796416156..9f69faf84 100644
--- a/scripts/build/transform/transforms/get-public-doc-functionality.js
+++ b/scripts/build/transform/transforms/get-public-doc-functionality.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import path from "node:path";
 import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
 import makeSynchronized from "make-synchronized";
-import { SOURCE_DIR } from "../../../utils/index.js";
+import { SOURCE_DIR } from "../../../utilities/index.js";
 
 const PUBLIC_MODULE_URL = pathToFileURL(
   path.join(SOURCE_DIR, "document/public.js"),
diff --git a/scripts/build/transform/transforms/transform-doc-module-imports.js b/scripts/build/transform/transforms/transform-doc-module-imports.js
index ebf0ee34a..6d635637a 100644
--- a/scripts/build/transform/transforms/transform-doc-module-imports.js
+++ b/scripts/build/transform/transforms/transform-doc-module-imports.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "node:path";
-import { SOURCE_DIR } from "../../../utils/index.js";
+import { SOURCE_DIR } from "../../../utilities/index.js";
 import getPublicDocFunctionality from "./get-public-doc-functionality.js";
 import {
   createIdentifier,
diff --git a/scripts/build/utils.js b/scripts/build/utilities.js
similarity index 96%
rename from scripts/build/utils.js
rename to scripts/build/utilities.js
index a766f7193..71c1d0d5c 100644
--- a/scripts/build/utils.js
+++ b/scripts/build/utilities.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import url from "node:url";
 import { resolve } from "import-meta-resolve";
 import { isUrl, toUrl } from "url-or-path";
-import { PROJECT_ROOT } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { PROJECT_ROOT } from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 const NODE_MODULES_PATH = path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, "node_modules");
 
diff --git a/scripts/bundle-eslint-config.js b/scripts/bundle-eslint-config.js
index 1a056c243..972005bb6 100644
--- a/scripts/bundle-eslint-config.js
+++ b/scripts/bundle-eslint-config.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
 import eslintPluginCompat from "eslint-plugin-compat";
 import buildConfig from "./build/config.js";
-import { DIST_DIR } from "./utils/index.js";
+import { DIST_DIR } from "./utilities/index.js";
 
 const { browserslist: targets } = JSON.parse(
   await fs.readFile(new URL("../package.json", import.meta.url)),
diff --git a/scripts/changelog-for-patch.js b/scripts/changelog-for-patch.js
index bccd25666..764a40e70 100644
--- a/scripts/changelog-for-patch.js
+++ b/scripts/changelog-for-patch.js
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   getEntries,
   printEntries,
   replaceVersions,
-} from "./utils/changelog.js";
+} from "./utilities/changelog.js";
 
 const { previousVersion, newVersion } = parseArguments();
 
diff --git a/scripts/draft-blog-post.js b/scripts/draft-blog-post.js
index e20cc778e..305924c3e 100644
--- a/scripts/draft-blog-post.js
+++ b/scripts/draft-blog-post.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
   getEntries,
   printEntries,
   replaceVersions,
-} from "./utils/changelog.js";
+} from "./utilities/changelog.js";
 
 const { __dirname, require } = createEsmUtils(import.meta);
 const blogDir = path.join(__dirname, "../website/blog");
diff --git a/scripts/format-test-lint.js b/scripts/format-test-lint.js
index aed9b1831..9cf5f7e0e 100644
--- a/scripts/format-test-lint.js
+++ b/scripts/format-test-lint.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
-import { PROJECT_ROOT } from "./utils/index.js";
+import { PROJECT_ROOT } from "./utilities/index.js";
 
 const FORMAT_TEST_DIRECTORY = path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, "tests/format/");
 const TEST_SCRIPT_FILE_NAME = "format.test.js";
diff --git a/scripts/generate-changelog.js b/scripts/generate-changelog.js
index 32d9b472d..92c776919 100755
--- a/scripts/generate-changelog.js
+++ b/scripts/generate-changelog.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import enquirer from "enquirer";
 import openEditor from "open-editor";
-import { CHANGELOG_CATEGORIES } from "./utils/changelog-categories.js";
+import { CHANGELOG_CATEGORIES } from "./utilities/changelog-categories.js";
 
 const prNumberPrompt = new enquirer.NumberPrompt({
   message: "Input your Pull Request number:",
diff --git a/scripts/generate-schema.js b/scripts/generate-schema.js
index fac2f42b7..389554dba 100644
--- a/scripts/generate-schema.js
+++ b/scripts/generate-schema.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 
-import { generateSchema } from "./utils/generate-schema.js";
+import { generateSchema } from "./utilities/generate-schema.js";
 
 console.log(await generateSchema());
diff --git a/scripts/lint-changelog.js b/scripts/lint-changelog.js
index ea751a6e0..26ceec1c6 100644
--- a/scripts/lint-changelog.js
+++ b/scripts/lint-changelog.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import indexToPosition from "index-to-position";
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
 import remarkParse from "remark-parse";
 import unified from "unified";
-import { CHANGELOG_CATEGORIES } from "./utils/changelog-categories.js";
+import { CHANGELOG_CATEGORIES } from "./utilities/changelog-categories.js";
 
 const CHANGELOG_DIR = "changelog_unreleased";
 const TEMPLATE_FILE = "TEMPLATE.md";
diff --git a/scripts/release/get-formatted-date.js b/scripts/release/get-formatted-date.js
index 0d7c40c8a..e4b71ef4d 100644
--- a/scripts/release/get-formatted-date.js
+++ b/scripts/release/get-formatted-date.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// TODO: Implement this in `utils.js` when jest.importActual is landed.
+// TODO: Implement this in `utilities.js` when jest.importActual is landed.
 export default function getFormattedDate() {
   const date = new Date();
   const isoStr = date.toISOString();
diff --git a/scripts/release/run.js b/scripts/release/run.js
index 97bba9c51..29fb43156 100644
--- a/scripts/release/run.js
+++ b/scripts/release/run.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import semver from "semver";
 import parseArguments from "./parse-arguments.js";
 import * as steps from "./steps/index.js";
-import { logPromise, readJson } from "./utils.js";
+import { logPromise, readJson } from "./utilities.js";
 
 const params = parseArguments();
 const {
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/bump-prettier.js b/scripts/release/steps/bump-prettier.js
index c77c89082..f21592c5f 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/bump-prettier.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/bump-prettier.js
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import semver from "semver";
-import { logPromise, readJson, runGit, runYarn, writeJson } from "../utils.js";
+import {
+  logPromise,
+  readJson,
+  runGit,
+  runYarn,
+  writeJson,
+} from "../utilities.js";
 
 async function format() {
   await runYarn(["fix:prettier"]);
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/check-git-status.js b/scripts/release/steps/check-git-status.js
index f30abd8c3..835dcc1d0 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/check-git-status.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/check-git-status.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { runGit } from "../utils.js";
+import { runGit } from "../utilities.js";
 
 export default async function checkGitStatus({ next }) {
   const { stdout: status } = await runGit(["status", "--porcelain"]);
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/clean-changelog.js b/scripts/release/steps/clean-changelog.js
index 24482ace1..48f8b4cad 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/clean-changelog.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/clean-changelog.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import fastGlob from "fast-glob";
-import { runGit } from "../utils.js";
+import { runGit } from "../utilities.js";
 
 export default async function cleanChangelog({ repo }) {
   const changelogUnreleasedDir = fileURLToPath(
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/generate-bundles.js b/scripts/release/steps/generate-bundles.js
index 5a536be3e..7f61b1bd7 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/generate-bundles.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/generate-bundles.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import styleText from "node-style-text";
-import { logPromise, readJson, runYarn } from "../utils.js";
+import { logPromise, readJson, runYarn } from "../utilities.js";
 
 export default async function generateBundles({ dry, version, manual }) {
   if (!manual) {
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/install-dependencies.js b/scripts/release/steps/install-dependencies.js
index 3e108d82a..67a5a62d9 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/install-dependencies.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/install-dependencies.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
-import { runGit, runYarn } from "../utils.js";
+import { runGit, runYarn } from "../utilities.js";
 
 const PROJECT_ROOT = new URL("../../../", import.meta.url);
 
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/lint-files.js b/scripts/release/steps/lint-files.js
index 8442d66f2..011649829 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/lint-files.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/lint-files.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { runYarn } from "../utils.js";
+import { runYarn } from "../utilities.js";
 
 const lintFiles = () => runYarn("lint");
 
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/merge-blog-post.js b/scripts/release/steps/merge-blog-post.js
index 0b3546d41..e1cfa7e99 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/merge-blog-post.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/merge-blog-post.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import styleText from "node-style-text";
 import semver from "semver";
-import { runGit, waitForEnter } from "../utils.js";
+import { runGit, waitForEnter } from "../utilities.js";
 
 export default async function mergeBlogPost({
   dry,
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/post-publish-steps.js b/scripts/release/steps/post-publish-steps.js
index dfba9401d..8e07f39ff 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/post-publish-steps.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/post-publish-steps.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import styleText from "node-style-text";
 import outdent from "outdent";
-import { fetchText, logPromise, writeFile } from "../utils.js";
+import { fetchText, logPromise, writeFile } from "../utilities.js";
 
 const SCHEMA_REPO = "SchemaStore/schemastore";
 const SCHEMA_PATH = "src/schemas/json/prettierrc.json";
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ const EDIT_URL = `https://github.com/${SCHEMA_REPO}/edit/master/${SCHEMA_PATH}`;
 // Any optional or manual step can be warned in this script.
 
 async function checkSchema() {
-  const { generateSchema } = await import("../../utils/generate-schema.js");
+  const { generateSchema } = await import("../../utilities/generate-schema.js");
   const schema = await generateSchema();
   const remoteSchema = await logPromise(
     "Checking current schema in SchemaStore",
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/publish-to-npm.js b/scripts/release/steps/publish-to-npm.js
index ec6c4ca23..7f79956ad 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/publish-to-npm.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/publish-to-npm.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import enquirer from "enquirer";
 import spawn from "nano-spawn";
-import { waitForEnter } from "../utils.js";
+import { waitForEnter } from "../utilities.js";
 
 export default async function publishToNpm({ dry }) {
   console.log(`Ready to publish to NPM${dry ? "(--dry-run)" : ""}`);
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/push-to-git.js b/scripts/release/steps/push-to-git.js
index 7304c56ac..381dc21a0 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/push-to-git.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/push-to-git.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { runGit } from "../utils.js";
+import { runGit } from "../utilities.js";
 
 export default async function pushToGit({ version, repo }) {
   await runGit(["commit", "-am", `Release ${version}`]);
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/show-instructions-after-npm-publish.js b/scripts/release/steps/show-instructions-after-npm-publish.js
index ba23e6440..d5663095f 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/show-instructions-after-npm-publish.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/show-instructions-after-npm-publish.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
   getBlogPostInfo,
   getChangelogContent,
   waitForEnter,
-} from "../utils.js";
+} from "../utilities.js";
 
 const RELEASE_URL_BASE = "https://github.com/prettier/prettier/releases/new?";
 export function getReleaseUrl(version, previousVersion) {
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/update-changelog.js b/scripts/release/steps/update-changelog.js
index 2c391755d..cbcf9407c 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/update-changelog.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/update-changelog.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   logPromise,
   runYarn,
   waitForEnter,
-} from "../utils.js";
+} from "../utilities.js";
 
 function writeChangelog(params) {
   const changelog = fs.readFileSync("CHANGELOG.md", "utf8");
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/update-dependents-count.js b/scripts/release/steps/update-dependents-count.js
index d2b054fe9..07dcd083f 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/update-dependents-count.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/update-dependents-count.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import styleText from "node-style-text";
-import { fetchText, logPromise, processFile, runGit } from "../utils.js";
+import { fetchText, logPromise, processFile, runGit } from "../utilities.js";
 
 async function getNpmDependentsCount() {
   const npmPage = await logPromise(
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/update-version.js b/scripts/release/steps/update-version.js
index 210631e11..28c69a739 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/update-version.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/update-version.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { processFile, readJson, runYarn, writeJson } from "../utils.js";
+import { processFile, readJson, runYarn, writeJson } from "../utilities.js";
 
 export default async function updateVersion({ version, next }) {
   const pkg = await readJson("package.json");
diff --git a/scripts/release/steps/wait-for-bot-release.js b/scripts/release/steps/wait-for-bot-release.js
index fc3390ccf..8919e8cfe 100644
--- a/scripts/release/steps/wait-for-bot-release.js
+++ b/scripts/release/steps/wait-for-bot-release.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import styleText from "node-style-text";
 import outdent from "outdent";
-import { logPromise, waitForEnter } from "../utils.js";
+import { logPromise, waitForEnter } from "../utilities.js";
 
 export async function isVersionReleased(version) {
   const response = await fetch("https://registry.npmjs.org/prettier/");
diff --git a/scripts/release/utils.js b/scripts/release/utilities.js
similarity index 100%
rename from scripts/release/utils.js
rename to scripts/release/utilities.js
diff --git a/scripts/utils/changelog-categories.js b/scripts/utilities/changelog-categories.js
similarity index 100%
rename from scripts/utils/changelog-categories.js
rename to scripts/utilities/changelog-categories.js
diff --git a/scripts/utils/changelog.js b/scripts/utilities/changelog.js
similarity index 100%
rename from scripts/utils/changelog.js
rename to scripts/utilities/changelog.js
diff --git a/scripts/utils/generate-schema.js b/scripts/utilities/generate-schema.js
similarity index 100%
rename from scripts/utils/generate-schema.js
rename to scripts/utilities/generate-schema.js
diff --git a/scripts/utils/index.js b/scripts/utilities/index.js
similarity index 100%
rename from scripts/utils/index.js
rename to scripts/utilities/index.js
diff --git a/src/cli/expand-patterns.js b/src/cli/expand-patterns.js
index 6e75e585e..761633e43 100644
--- a/src/cli/expand-patterns.js
+++ b/src/cli/expand-patterns.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   directoryIgnorerWithoutNodeModules,
 } from "./directory-ignorer.js";
 import { fastGlob } from "./prettier-internal.js";
-import { lstatSafe, normalizeToPosix } from "./utils.js";
+import { lstatSafe, normalizeToPosix } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /** @import {Context} from './context.js' */
 
diff --git a/src/cli/file-info.js b/src/cli/file-info.js
index 1b21bdfbc..ead85ffe5 100644
--- a/src/cli/file-info.js
+++ b/src/cli/file-info.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import path from "node:path";
 import stringify from "fast-json-stable-stringify";
 import { format, getFileInfo } from "../index.js";
-import { printToScreen } from "./utils.js";
+import { printToScreen } from "./utilities.js";
 
 // Note: This does not work with `--config-precedence`
 async function logFileInfoOrDie(context) {
diff --git a/src/cli/find-cache-file.js b/src/cli/find-cache-file.js
index 7de9eee46..8d94ed78a 100644
--- a/src/cli/find-cache-file.js
+++ b/src/cli/find-cache-file.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
 import findCacheDirectory from "find-cache-directory";
-import { isJson, statSafe } from "./utils.js";
+import { isJson, statSafe } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * Find default cache file (`./node_modules/.cache/prettier/.prettier-cache`) using https://github.com/sindresorhus/find-cache-directory
diff --git a/src/cli/find-config-path.js b/src/cli/find-config-path.js
index bc752efbb..2337eae96 100644
--- a/src/cli/find-config-path.js
+++ b/src/cli/find-config-path.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import path from "node:path";
 import { resolveConfigFile } from "../index.js";
-import { normalizeToPosix, printToScreen } from "./utils.js";
+import { normalizeToPosix, printToScreen } from "./utilities.js";
 
 async function logResolvedConfigPathOrDie(context) {
   const file = context.argv.findConfigPath;
diff --git a/src/cli/format-results-cache.js b/src/cli/format-results-cache.js
index 6fddcb20a..1dec77ce0 100644
--- a/src/cli/format-results-cache.js
+++ b/src/cli/format-results-cache.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs";
 import stringify from "fast-json-stable-stringify";
 import fileEntryCache from "file-entry-cache";
 import { version as prettierVersion } from "../index.js";
-import { createHash } from "./utils.js";
+import { createHash } from "./utilities.js";
 
 const optionsHashCache = new WeakMap();
 const nodeVersion = process.version;
diff --git a/src/cli/format.js b/src/cli/format.js
index c0a50e3fb..0c41e1aea 100644
--- a/src/cli/format.js
+++ b/src/cli/format.js
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
   errors,
   picocolors,
 } from "./prettier-internal.js";
-import { normalizeToPosix, statSafe } from "./utils.js";
+import { normalizeToPosix, statSafe } from "./utilities.js";
 
 function diff(a, b) {
   return createTwoFilesPatch("", "", a, b, "", "", { context: 2 });
diff --git a/src/cli/index.js b/src/cli/index.js
index 0b97d62ca..7d9959e70 100644
--- a/src/cli/index.js
+++ b/src/cli/index.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import mockable from "./mockable.js";
 import { parseArgvWithoutPlugins } from "./options/parse-cli-arguments.js";
 import printSupportInfo from "./print-support-info.js";
 import { createDetailedUsage, createUsage } from "./usage.js";
-import { printToScreen } from "./utils.js";
+import { printToScreen } from "./utilities.js";
 
 async function run(rawArguments = process.argv.slice(2)) {
   // Create a default level logger, so we can log errors during `logLevel` parsing
diff --git a/src/cli/mockable.js b/src/cli/mockable.js
index 804da58fd..f807ad18b 100644
--- a/src/cli/mockable.js
+++ b/src/cli/mockable.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { isCI } from "ci-info";
 import { __internal as sharedWithCli } from "../index.js";
 import clearStreamText from "./utilities/clear-stream-text.js";
 
-const mockable = sharedWithCli.utils.createMockable({
+const mockable = sharedWithCli.utilities.createMockable({
   clearStreamText,
   getTimestamp: performance.now.bind(performance),
   isCI: () => isCI,
diff --git a/src/cli/options/parse-cli-arguments.js b/src/cli/options/parse-cli-arguments.js
index ba6b69eff..7681e9249 100644
--- a/src/cli/options/parse-cli-arguments.js
+++ b/src/cli/options/parse-cli-arguments.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import camelCase from "camelcase";
-import { pick } from "../utils.js";
+import { pick } from "../utilities.js";
 import createMinimistOptions from "./create-minimist-options.js";
 import { getContextOptionsWithoutPlugins } from "./get-context-options.js";
 import minimist from "./minimist.js";
diff --git a/src/cli/print-support-info.js b/src/cli/print-support-info.js
index 5dc91d766..fc46bae0b 100644
--- a/src/cli/print-support-info.js
+++ b/src/cli/print-support-info.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import stringify from "fast-json-stable-stringify";
 import { format, getSupportInfo } from "../index.js";
-import { omit, printToScreen } from "./utils.js";
+import { omit, printToScreen } from "./utilities.js";
 
 const sortByName = (array) =>
   array.sort((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name));
diff --git a/src/cli/usage.js b/src/cli/usage.js
index f40337c87..3a6c8e15c 100644
--- a/src/cli/usage.js
+++ b/src/cli/usage.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import camelCase from "camelcase";
 import { categoryOrder, usageSummary } from "./constants.evaluate.js";
 import { formatOptionsHiddenDefaults } from "./prettier-internal.js";
-import { groupBy } from "./utils.js";
+import { groupBy } from "./utilities.js";
 
 const OPTION_USAGE_THRESHOLD = 25;
 const CHOICE_USAGE_MARGIN = 3;
diff --git a/src/cli/utils.js b/src/cli/utilities.js
similarity index 97%
rename from src/cli/utils.js
rename to src/cli/utilities.js
index 01de5ed48..16a0d6f52 100644
--- a/src/cli/utils.js
+++ b/src/cli/utilities.js
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ const normalizeToPosix =
     ? (filepath) => filepath.replaceAll("\\", "/")
     : (filepath) => filepath;
 
-export const { omit } = sharedWithCli.utils;
+export const { omit } = sharedWithCli.utilities;
 export {
   createHash,
   groupBy,
diff --git a/src/common/get-file-info.js b/src/common/get-file-info.js
index d74228c55..656910f21 100644
--- a/src/common/get-file-info.js
+++ b/src/common/get-file-info.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { resolveConfig } from "../config/resolve-config.js";
 import { loadBuiltinPlugins, loadPlugins } from "../main/plugins/index.js";
-import { isIgnored } from "../utils/ignore.js";
-import inferParser from "../utils/infer-parser.js";
+import { isIgnored } from "../utilities/ignore.js";
+import inferParser from "../utilities/infer-parser.js";
 
 /**
  * @typedef {{ ignorePath?: string | URL | (string | URL)[], withNodeModules?: boolean, plugins: object, resolveConfig?: boolean }} FileInfoOptions
diff --git a/src/common/mockable.js b/src/common/mockable.js
index cbf68566c..786c2221b 100644
--- a/src/common/mockable.js
+++ b/src/common/mockable.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createMockable from "../utils/create-mockable.js";
+import createMockable from "../utilities/create-mockable.js";
 
 const mockable = createMockable({
   getPrettierConfigSearchStopDirectory: () => undefined,
diff --git a/src/config/prettier-config/load-external-config.js b/src/config/prettier-config/load-external-config.js
index 0f69763b5..fa9a31eba 100644
--- a/src/config/prettier-config/load-external-config.js
+++ b/src/config/prettier-config/load-external-config.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import importFromFile from "../../utils/import-from-file.js";
-import requireFromFile from "../../utils/require-from-file.js";
+import importFromFile from "../../utilities/import-from-file.js";
+import requireFromFile from "../../utilities/require-from-file.js";
 
 const requireErrorCodesShouldBeIgnored = new Set([
   "MODULE_NOT_FOUND",
diff --git a/src/config/prettier-config/loaders.js b/src/config/prettier-config/loaders.js
index de8482998..5d2862e75 100644
--- a/src/config/prettier-config/loaders.js
+++ b/src/config/prettier-config/loaders.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
 import json5 from "json5";
 import parseJson from "parse-json";
 import { parse as parseToml } from "smol-toml";
-import readFile from "../../utils/read-file.js";
+import readFile from "../../utilities/read-file.js";
 
 async function readJson(file) {
   const content = await readFile(file);
diff --git a/src/config/resolve-config.js b/src/config/resolve-config.js
index 44fb6017c..14e19901f 100644
--- a/src/config/resolve-config.js
+++ b/src/config/resolve-config.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import path from "node:path";
 import micromatch from "micromatch";
 import { toPath } from "url-or-path";
-import partition from "../utils/partition.js";
+import partition from "../utilities/partition.js";
 import {
   clearEditorconfigCache,
   loadEditorconfig as loadEditorconfigForFile,
diff --git a/src/document/printer/printer.js b/src/document/printer/printer.js
index 70fcb9e03..da70b467c 100644
--- a/src/document/printer/printer.js
+++ b/src/document/printer/printer.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { convertEndOfLineToChars } from "../../common/end-of-line.js";
-import getStringWidth from "../../utils/get-string-width.js";
+import getStringWidth from "../../utilities/get-string-width.js";
 import {
   DOC_TYPE_ALIGN,
   DOC_TYPE_ARRAY,
diff --git a/src/document/utilities/assert-doc.js b/src/document/utilities/assert-doc.js
index 743bc3916..2c4f5e9e5 100644
--- a/src/document/utilities/assert-doc.js
+++ b/src/document/utilities/assert-doc.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import noop from "../../utils/noop.js";
+import noop from "../../utilities/noop.js";
 import {
   DOC_TYPE_IF_BREAK,
   DOC_TYPE_LINE,
diff --git a/src/index.cjs b/src/index.cjs
index b8e3befb0..e526bbc90 100644
--- a/src/index.cjs
+++ b/src/index.cjs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ for (const name of debugApiFunctionNames) {
 prettier.__debug = debugApis;
 
 if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
-  prettier.util = require("./utils/public.js");
+  prettier.util = require("./utilities/public.js");
   prettier.doc = require("./document/public.js");
   prettier.version = require("./main/version.evaluate.js").default;
 } else {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
     util: {
       get() {
         try {
-          return require("./utils/public.js");
+          return require("./utilities/public.js");
         } catch {
           // No op
         }
diff --git a/src/index.d.ts b/src/index.d.ts
index a1b53ab58..de4bdc9c6 100644
--- a/src/index.d.ts
+++ b/src/index.d.ts
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ export function getSupportInfo(
  */
 export const version: string;
 
-// https://github.com/prettier/prettier/blob/next/src/utils/public.js
+// https://github.com/prettier/prettier/blob/main/src/utilities/public.js
 export namespace util {
   interface SkipOptions {
     backwards?: boolean | undefined;
diff --git a/src/index.js b/src/index.js
index 8a8a7050b..3dd68e019 100644
--- a/src/index.js
+++ b/src/index.js
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ import {
   getSupportInfo as getSupportInfoWithoutPlugins,
   normalizeOptionSettings,
 } from "./main/support.js";
-import createMockable from "./utils/create-mockable.js";
-import { createIsIgnoredFunction } from "./utils/ignore.js";
-import inferParserWithoutPlugins from "./utils/infer-parser.js";
-import omit from "./utils/object-omit.js";
+import createMockable from "./utilities/create-mockable.js";
+import { createIsIgnoredFunction } from "./utilities/ignore.js";
+import inferParserWithoutPlugins from "./utilities/infer-parser.js";
+import omit from "./utilities/object-omit.js";
 
 /**
  * @param {*} fn
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ const sharedWithCli = {
   createTwoFilesPatch,
   picocolors,
   closetLevenshteinMatch,
-  utils: {
+  utilities: {
     omit,
     createMockable,
   },
@@ -139,4 +139,4 @@ export {
 export { default as getFileInfo } from "./common/get-file-info.js";
 export * as doc from "./document/public.js";
 export { default as version } from "./main/version.evaluate.js";
-export * as util from "./utils/public.js";
+export * as util from "./utilities/public.js";
diff --git a/src/language-css/get-visitor-keys.js b/src/language-css/get-visitor-keys.js
index d58d77cf3..558c57e6b 100644
--- a/src/language-css/get-visitor-keys.js
+++ b/src/language-css/get-visitor-keys.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
+import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
 import visitorKeys from "./visitor-keys.js";
 
 const getVisitorKeys = createGetVisitorKeys(visitorKeys);
diff --git a/src/language-css/languages.evaluate.js b/src/language-css/languages.evaluate.js
index 240414dcb..26878ea91 100644
--- a/src/language-css/languages.evaluate.js
+++ b/src/language-css/languages.evaluate.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as linguistLanguages from "linguist-languages";
-import createLanguage from "../utils/create-language.js";
+import createLanguage from "../utilities/create-language.js";
 
 const languages = [
   createLanguage(linguistLanguages.CSS, (data) => ({
diff --git a/src/language-css/loc.js b/src/language-css/loc.js
index 2832f1e39..c781b8caa 100644
--- a/src/language-css/loc.js
+++ b/src/language-css/loc.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import lineColumnToIndex from "../utils/line-column-to-index.js";
-import { skipEverythingButNewLine } from "../utils/skip.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import lineColumnToIndex from "../utilities/line-column-to-index.js";
+import { skipEverythingButNewLine } from "../utilities/skip.js";
 
 function fixValueWordLoc(node, originalIndex) {
   const { value } = node;
diff --git a/src/language-css/parse/parse-media-query.js b/src/language-css/parse/parse-media-query.js
index 39fed66a0..ad6c96cc2 100644
--- a/src/language-css/parse/parse-media-query.js
+++ b/src/language-css/parse/parse-media-query.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import postcssMediaQueryParser from "postcss-media-query-parser";
-import { addMissingType, addTypePrefix } from "./utils.js";
+import { addMissingType, addTypePrefix } from "./utilities.js";
 
 const parse = postcssMediaQueryParser.default;
 
diff --git a/src/language-css/parse/parse-selector.js b/src/language-css/parse/parse-selector.js
index 241631db4..9816d7447 100644
--- a/src/language-css/parse/parse-selector.js
+++ b/src/language-css/parse/parse-selector.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import PostcssSelectorParser from "postcss-selector-parser/dist/processor.js";
-import { addTypePrefix } from "./utils.js";
+import { addTypePrefix } from "./utilities.js";
 
 function parseSelector(selector) {
   // If there's a comment inside of a selector, the parser tries to parse
diff --git a/src/language-css/parse/parse-value.js b/src/language-css/parse/parse-value.js
index ea628fe53..dd859dee7 100644
--- a/src/language-css/parse/parse-value.js
+++ b/src/language-css/parse/parse-value.js
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import PostcssValuesParser from "postcss-values-parser/lib/parser.js";
-import getFunctionArgumentsText from "../utils/get-function-arguments-text.js";
-import getValueRoot from "../utils/get-value-root.js";
-import hasSCSSInterpolation from "../utils/has-scss-interpolation.js";
-import hasStringOrFunction from "../utils/has-string-or-function.js";
-import isSCSSVariable from "../utils/is-scss-variable.js";
+import getFunctionArgumentsText from "../utilities/get-function-arguments-text.js";
+import getValueRoot from "../utilities/get-value-root.js";
+import hasSCSSInterpolation from "../utilities/has-scss-interpolation.js";
+import hasStringOrFunction from "../utilities/has-string-or-function.js";
+import isSCSSVariable from "../utilities/is-scss-variable.js";
 import parseSelector from "./parse-selector.js";
-import { addTypePrefix } from "./utils.js";
+import { addTypePrefix } from "./utilities.js";
 
 const isClosingParenthesis = (node) =>
   node.type === "paren" && node.value === ")";
diff --git a/src/language-css/parse/utils.js b/src/language-css/parse/utilities.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-css/parse/utils.js
rename to src/language-css/parse/utilities.js
diff --git a/src/language-css/parser-postcss.js b/src/language-css/parser-postcss.js
index 605de5111..dab842b36 100644
--- a/src/language-css/parser-postcss.js
+++ b/src/language-css/parser-postcss.js
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ import {
 import parseMediaQuery from "./parse/parse-media-query.js";
 import parseSelector from "./parse/parse-selector.js";
 import parseValue from "./parse/parse-value.js";
-import { addTypePrefix } from "./parse/utils.js";
+import { addTypePrefix } from "./parse/utilities.js";
 import { hasIgnorePragma, hasPragma } from "./pragma.js";
-import isModuleRuleName from "./utils/is-module-rule-name.js";
-import isSCSSNestedPropertyNode from "./utils/is-scss-nested-property-node.js";
+import isModuleRuleName from "./utilities/is-module-rule-name.js";
+import isSCSSNestedPropertyNode from "./utilities/is-scss-nested-property-node.js";
 
 const DEFAULT_SCSS_DIRECTIVE = /(\s*)(!default).*$/u;
 const GLOBAL_SCSS_DIRECTIVE = /(\s*)(!global).*$/u;
diff --git a/src/language-css/print/comma-separated-value-group.js b/src/language-css/print/comma-separated-value-group.js
index f1cdeeb27..0077005b6 100644
--- a/src/language-css/print/comma-separated-value-group.js
+++ b/src/language-css/print/comma-separated-value-group.js
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import {
   isSCSSControlDirectiveNode,
   isSubtractionNode,
   isWordNode,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /**
  * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
diff --git a/src/language-css/print/misc.js b/src/language-css/print/misc.js
index e6ddc1a1d..5b90035f9 100644
--- a/src/language-css/print/misc.js
+++ b/src/language-css/print/misc.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import printNumber from "../../utils/print-number.js";
-import printString from "../../utils/print-string.js";
+import printNumber from "../../utilities/print-number.js";
+import printString from "../../utilities/print-string.js";
 import CSS_UNITS from "./css-units.evaluate.js";
 
 function printUnit(unit) {
diff --git a/src/language-css/print/parenthesized-value-group.js b/src/language-css/print/parenthesized-value-group.js
index a520c21d8..9cf4710ef 100644
--- a/src/language-css/print/parenthesized-value-group.js
+++ b/src/language-css/print/parenthesized-value-group.js
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import {
   line,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import isNextLineEmpty from "../../utils/is-next-line-empty.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isNextLineEmpty from "../../utilities/is-next-line-empty.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   isConfigurationNode,
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import {
   isSCSSMapItemNode,
   isURLFunctionNode,
   isVarFunctionNode,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { shouldPrintTrailingComma } from "./misc.js";
 
 function hasComma({ node, parent }, options) {
diff --git a/src/language-css/print/sequence.js b/src/language-css/print/sequence.js
index b004a3b2e..97051c7e6 100644
--- a/src/language-css/print/sequence.js
+++ b/src/language-css/print/sequence.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { hardline, line } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { isFrontMatter } from "../../main/front-matter/index.js";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import isNextLineEmpty from "../../utils/is-next-line-empty.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import isNextLineEmpty from "../../utilities/is-next-line-empty.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 
 function printSequence(path, options, print) {
diff --git a/src/language-css/printer-postcss.js b/src/language-css/printer-postcss.js
index 0c14c8439..4ee70ae7f 100644
--- a/src/language-css/printer-postcss.js
+++ b/src/language-css/printer-postcss.js
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import {
   removeLines,
   softline,
 } from "../document/index.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import printString from "../utils/print-string.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import printString from "../utilities/print-string.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 import clean from "./clean.js";
 import embed from "./embed.js";
 import getVisitorKeys from "./get-visitor-keys.js";
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ import {
   isWideKeywords,
   lastLineHasInlineComment,
   maybeToLowerCase,
-} from "./utils/index.js";
+} from "./utilities/index.js";
 
 function genericPrint(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
diff --git a/src/language-css/utils/get-function-arguments-text.js b/src/language-css/utilities/get-function-arguments-text.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-css/utils/get-function-arguments-text.js
rename to src/language-css/utilities/get-function-arguments-text.js
diff --git a/src/language-css/utils/get-value-root.js b/src/language-css/utilities/get-value-root.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-css/utils/get-value-root.js
rename to src/language-css/utilities/get-value-root.js
diff --git a/src/language-css/utils/has-scss-interpolation.js b/src/language-css/utilities/has-scss-interpolation.js
similarity index 86%
rename from src/language-css/utils/has-scss-interpolation.js
rename to src/language-css/utilities/has-scss-interpolation.js
index a2e455959..9c4417ae4 100644
--- a/src/language-css/utils/has-scss-interpolation.js
+++ b/src/language-css/utilities/has-scss-interpolation.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 
 function hasSCSSInterpolation(groupList) {
   if (isNonEmptyArray(groupList)) {
diff --git a/src/language-css/utils/has-string-or-function.js b/src/language-css/utilities/has-string-or-function.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-css/utils/has-string-or-function.js
rename to src/language-css/utilities/has-string-or-function.js
diff --git a/src/language-css/utils/index.js b/src/language-css/utilities/index.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-css/utils/index.js
rename to src/language-css/utilities/index.js
diff --git a/src/language-css/utils/is-module-rule-name.js b/src/language-css/utilities/is-module-rule-name.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-css/utils/is-module-rule-name.js
rename to src/language-css/utilities/is-module-rule-name.js
diff --git a/src/language-css/utils/is-scss-nested-property-node.js b/src/language-css/utilities/is-scss-nested-property-node.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-css/utils/is-scss-nested-property-node.js
rename to src/language-css/utilities/is-scss-nested-property-node.js
diff --git a/src/language-css/utils/is-scss-variable.js b/src/language-css/utilities/is-scss-variable.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-css/utils/is-scss-variable.js
rename to src/language-css/utilities/is-scss-variable.js
diff --git a/src/language-graphql/get-visitor-keys.js b/src/language-graphql/get-visitor-keys.js
index 0739142eb..01f48a9d7 100644
--- a/src/language-graphql/get-visitor-keys.js
+++ b/src/language-graphql/get-visitor-keys.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
+import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
 import visitorKeys from "./visitor-keys.js";
 
 const getVisitorKeys = createGetVisitorKeys(visitorKeys, "kind");
diff --git a/src/language-graphql/languages.evaluate.js b/src/language-graphql/languages.evaluate.js
index 6f02a96dd..7be21e627 100644
--- a/src/language-graphql/languages.evaluate.js
+++ b/src/language-graphql/languages.evaluate.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as linguistLanguages from "linguist-languages";
-import createLanguage from "../utils/create-language.js";
+import createLanguage from "../utilities/create-language.js";
 
 const languages = [
   createLanguage(linguistLanguages.GraphQL, () => ({
diff --git a/src/language-graphql/pragma.js b/src/language-graphql/pragma.js
index 96e324d3d..28dcd39da 100644
--- a/src/language-graphql/pragma.js
+++ b/src/language-graphql/pragma.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import {
   FORMAT_PRAGMA_TO_INSERT,
   GRAPHQL_HAS_IGNORE_PRAGMA_REGEXP,
   GRAPHQL_HAS_PRAGMA_REGEXP,
-} from "../utils/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
+} from "../utilities/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
 
 const hasPragma = (text) => GRAPHQL_HAS_PRAGMA_REGEXP.test(text);
 const hasIgnorePragma = (text) => GRAPHQL_HAS_IGNORE_PRAGMA_REGEXP.test(text);
diff --git a/src/language-graphql/printer-graphql.js b/src/language-graphql/printer-graphql.js
index 00f6913c3..f87a794f1 100644
--- a/src/language-graphql/printer-graphql.js
+++ b/src/language-graphql/printer-graphql.js
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ import {
   line,
   softline,
 } from "../document/index.js";
-import isNextLineEmpty from "../utils/is-next-line-empty.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import isNextLineEmpty from "../utilities/is-next-line-empty.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 import getVisitorKeys from "./get-visitor-keys.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "./loc.js";
 import { insertPragma } from "./pragma.js";
diff --git a/src/language-handlebars/clean.js b/src/language-handlebars/clean.js
index 10300d0a4..a6b229145 100644
--- a/src/language-handlebars/clean.js
+++ b/src/language-handlebars/clean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import htmlWhitespaceUtils from "../utils/html-whitespace-utils.js";
+import htmlWhitespace from "../utilities/html-whitespace.js";
 
 function clean(original, cloned, parent) {
   // (Glimmer/HTML) ignore TextNode
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ function clean(original, cloned, parent) {
     ) {
       cloned.chars = "";
     } else {
-      cloned.chars = htmlWhitespaceUtils.split(trimmed).join(" ");
+      cloned.chars = htmlWhitespace.split(trimmed).join(" ");
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/language-handlebars/get-visitor-keys.js b/src/language-handlebars/get-visitor-keys.js
index 50df7ba20..f4d75eb17 100644
--- a/src/language-handlebars/get-visitor-keys.js
+++ b/src/language-handlebars/get-visitor-keys.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
+import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
 import visitorKeys from "./visitor-keys.evaluate.js";
 
 const getVisitorKeys = createGetVisitorKeys(visitorKeys);
diff --git a/src/language-handlebars/languages.evaluate.js b/src/language-handlebars/languages.evaluate.js
index d2183ee80..0bfac9ccd 100644
--- a/src/language-handlebars/languages.evaluate.js
+++ b/src/language-handlebars/languages.evaluate.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as linguistLanguages from "linguist-languages";
-import createLanguage from "../utils/create-language.js";
+import createLanguage from "../utilities/create-language.js";
 
 const languages = [
   createLanguage(linguistLanguages.Handlebars, () => ({
diff --git a/src/language-handlebars/printer-glimmer.js b/src/language-handlebars/printer-glimmer.js
index d673414b6..5c2767aa6 100644
--- a/src/language-handlebars/printer-glimmer.js
+++ b/src/language-handlebars/printer-glimmer.js
@@ -10,15 +10,19 @@ import {
   replaceEndOfLine,
   softline,
 } from "../document/index.js";
-import getPreferredQuote from "../utils/get-preferred-quote.js";
-import htmlWhitespaceUtils from "../utils/html-whitespace-utils.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import getPreferredQuote from "../utilities/get-preferred-quote.js";
+import htmlWhitespace from "../utilities/html-whitespace.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 import clean from "./clean.js";
 import embed from "./embed.js";
 import getVisitorKeys from "./get-visitor-keys.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "./loc.js";
-import { hasPrettierIgnore, isVoidElement, isWhitespaceNode } from "./utils.js";
+import {
+  hasPrettierIgnore,
+  isVoidElement,
+  isWhitespaceNode,
+} from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {Doc} from "../document/index.js"
@@ -170,8 +174,8 @@ function print(path, options, print) {
 
         if (parent.tag === "style") {
           text = text.replaceAll(/^\n+/gu, "");
-          text = htmlWhitespaceUtils.trimEnd(text);
-          text = htmlWhitespaceUtils.dedentString(text);
+          text = htmlWhitespace.trimEnd(text);
+          text = htmlWhitespace.dedentString(text);
 
           return replaceEndOfLine(text, hardline);
         }
@@ -218,7 +222,7 @@ function print(path, options, print) {
         return replaceEndOfLine(text);
       }
 
-      const isWhitespaceOnly = htmlWhitespaceUtils.isWhitespaceOnly(text);
+      const isWhitespaceOnly = htmlWhitespace.isWhitespaceOnly(text);
       const { isFirst, isLast } = path;
 
       if (options.htmlWhitespaceSensitivity !== "ignore") {
@@ -249,8 +253,7 @@ function print(path, options, print) {
           return breaks;
         }
 
-        const leadingWhitespace =
-          htmlWhitespaceUtils.getLeadingWhitespace(text);
+        const leadingWhitespace = htmlWhitespace.getLeadingWhitespace(text);
 
         let leadBreaks = [];
         if (leadingWhitespace) {
@@ -264,8 +267,7 @@ function print(path, options, print) {
           text = text.slice(leadingWhitespace.length);
         }
 
-        const tailingWhitespace =
-          htmlWhitespaceUtils.getTrailingWhitespace(text);
+        const tailingWhitespace = htmlWhitespace.getTrailingWhitespace(text);
         let trailBreaks = [];
         if (tailingWhitespace) {
           if (!shouldTrimTrailingNewlines) {
@@ -351,12 +353,12 @@ function print(path, options, print) {
         trailingSpace = "";
       }
 
-      if (htmlWhitespaceUtils.hasLeadingWhitespace(text)) {
-        text = leadingSpace + htmlWhitespaceUtils.trimStart(text);
+      if (htmlWhitespace.hasLeadingWhitespace(text)) {
+        text = leadingSpace + htmlWhitespace.trimStart(text);
       }
 
-      if (htmlWhitespaceUtils.hasTrailingWhitespace(text)) {
-        text = htmlWhitespaceUtils.trimEnd(text) + trailingSpace;
+      if (htmlWhitespace.hasTrailingWhitespace(text)) {
+        text = htmlWhitespace.trimEnd(text) + trailingSpace;
       }
 
       return [
@@ -672,7 +674,7 @@ function printInverse(path, options, print) {
 /* TextNode print helpers */
 
 function getTextValueParts(value) {
-  return join(line, htmlWhitespaceUtils.split(value));
+  return join(line, htmlWhitespace.split(value));
 }
 
 function getCurrentAttributeName(path) {
@@ -712,7 +714,7 @@ function generateHardlines(number = 0) {
 
 /* StringLiteral print helpers */
 
-/** @import {Quote} from "../utils/get-preferred-quote.js" */
+/** @import {Quote} from "../utilities/get-preferred-quote.js" */
 
 /**
  * Prints a string literal with the correct surrounding quotes based on
diff --git a/src/language-handlebars/utils.js b/src/language-handlebars/utilities.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-handlebars/utils.js
rename to src/language-handlebars/utilities.js
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed.js b/src/language-html/embed.js
index 5c9bbb557..2a13c90fc 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed.js
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import {
   indent,
   line,
 } from "../document/index.js";
-import htmlWhitespaceUtils from "../utils/html-whitespace-utils.js";
+import htmlWhitespace from "../utilities/html-whitespace.js";
 import printAngularControlFlowBlockParameters from "./embed/angular-control-flow-block-parameters.js";
 import printAttribute from "./embed/attribute.js";
-import { formatAttributeValue } from "./embed/utils.js";
+import { formatAttributeValue } from "./embed/utilities.js";
 import getNodeContent from "./get-node-content.js";
 import {
   needsToBorrowPrevClosingTagEndMarker,
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ import {
   inferElementParser,
   isScriptLikeTag,
   isVueNonHtmlBlock,
-} from "./utils/index.js";
-import isVueSfcWithTypescriptScript from "./utils/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js";
+} from "./utilities/index.js";
+import isVueSfcWithTypescriptScript from "./utilities/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js";
 
 const embeddedAngularControlFlowBlocks = new Set([
   "if",
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ function embed(path, options) {
           return async (textToDoc) => {
             const value =
               parser === "markdown"
-                ? htmlWhitespaceUtils.dedentString(
+                ? htmlWhitespace.dedentString(
                     node.value.replace(/^[^\S\n]*\n/u, ""),
                   )
                 : node.value;
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/angular-attributes.js b/src/language-html/embed/angular-attributes.js
index 602f6a29e..7d91f3b7c 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/angular-attributes.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/angular-attributes.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { fill } from "../../document/index.js";
 import {
   getTextValueParts,
   getUnescapedAttributeValue,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import {
   isAngularInterpolation,
   printAngularInterpolation,
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
   formatAttributeValue,
   printExpand,
   shouldHugJsExpression,
-} from "./utils.js";
+} from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {AttributeValuePrinter} from "./attribute.js"
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/angular-control-flow-block-parameters.js b/src/language-html/embed/angular-control-flow-block-parameters.js
index bbdab27ba..cee397078 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/angular-control-flow-block-parameters.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/angular-control-flow-block-parameters.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { formatAttributeValue, shouldHugJsExpression } from "./utils.js";
+import { formatAttributeValue, shouldHugJsExpression } from "./utilities.js";
 
 function printAngularControlFlowBlockParameters(
   textToDoc,
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/angular-interpolation.js b/src/language-html/embed/angular-interpolation.js
index 08f9ea4c3..188721f7f 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/angular-interpolation.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/angular-interpolation.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { group, indent, line, replaceEndOfLine } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utils/index.js";
-import { formatAttributeValue } from "./utils.js";
+import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { formatAttributeValue } from "./utilities.js";
 
 const interpolationRegex = /\{\{(.+?)\}\}/su;
 
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/class-names.js b/src/language-html/embed/class-names.js
index 0050af13b..8cacf92fe 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/class-names.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/class-names.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /**
 @import {AttributeValuePredicate, AttributeValuePrint} from "./attribute.js"
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/event-handler.js b/src/language-html/embed/event-handler.js
index 27635ae75..48a74293b 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/event-handler.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/event-handler.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import htmlEventAttributesArray from "@prettier/html-event-attributes";
-import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utils/index.js";
-import { formatAttributeValue } from "./utils.js";
+import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { formatAttributeValue } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {AttributeValuePredicate, AttributeValuePrint} from "./attribute.js"
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/parse-permissions-policy.js b/src/language-html/embed/parse-permissions-policy.js
index 9e38a9573..a4695fa73 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/parse-permissions-policy.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/parse-permissions-policy.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Based on https://github.com/helmetjs/content-security-policy-parser/blob/main/mo
 1. Skip ASCII check, so we won't remove invalid directives.
 1. Skip directive name normalization, so the printer can know what's the original name.
 */
-import htmlWhitespaceUtils from "../../utils/html-whitespace-utils.js";
+import htmlWhitespace from "../../utilities/html-whitespace.js";
 
 /**
 @typedef {{
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ function parsePermissionsPolicy(policy) {
   // U+003B SEMICOLON character (;):"
   for (let token of policy.split(";")) {
     // "1. Strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace from token."
-    token = htmlWhitespaceUtils.trim(token);
+    token = htmlWhitespace.trim(token);
 
     // "2. If token is an empty string, or if token is not an ASCII string,
     //     continue."
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function parsePermissionsPolicy(policy) {
     //     code points from token which are not ASCII whitespace."
     // "6. Let directive value be the result of splitting token on
     //     ASCII whitespace."
-    const [name, ...value] = htmlWhitespaceUtils.split(token);
+    const [name, ...value] = htmlWhitespace.split(token);
 
     // "4. Set directive name to be the result of running ASCII lowercase on
     //     directive name."
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/permissions-policy.js b/src/language-html/embed/permissions-policy.js
index 561577272..a02a1c623 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/permissions-policy.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/permissions-policy.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { ifBreak, line } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import parsePermissionsPolicy from "./parse-permissions-policy.js";
-import { printExpand } from "./utils.js";
+import { printExpand } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {AttributeValuePredicate, AttributeValuePrint} from "./attribute.js"
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/print-vue-script-generic-attribute-value.js b/src/language-html/embed/print-vue-script-generic-attribute-value.js
index 986a5b0b9..4c65349f9 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/print-vue-script-generic-attribute-value.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/print-vue-script-generic-attribute-value.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utils/index.js";
-import { formatAttributeValue, shouldHugJsExpression } from "./utils.js";
+import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { formatAttributeValue, shouldHugJsExpression } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/srcset.js b/src/language-html/embed/srcset.js
index b627e6649..0050bc516 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/srcset.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/srcset.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import parseSrcset from "@prettier/parse-srcset";
 import { ifBreak, join, line } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utils/index.js";
-import { printExpand } from "./utils.js";
+import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { printExpand } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/style.js b/src/language-html/embed/style.js
index d933c5afb..65547f174 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/style.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/style.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utils/index.js";
-import { printExpand } from "./utils.js";
+import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { printExpand } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
 @import {AttributeValuePredicate, AttributeValuePrint} from "./attribute.js"
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/utils.js b/src/language-html/embed/utilities.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-html/embed/utils.js
rename to src/language-html/embed/utilities.js
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/vue-attributes.js b/src/language-html/embed/vue-attributes.js
index 3ea8db1b3..c6841c976 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/vue-attributes.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/vue-attributes.js
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ import {
   isVueScriptTag,
   isVueSfcBindingsAttribute,
   isVueSlotAttribute,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
-import isVueSfcWithTypescriptScript from "../utils/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isVueSfcWithTypescriptScript from "../utilities/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js";
 import { printVueScriptGenericAttributeValue } from "./print-vue-script-generic-attribute-value.js";
-import { formatAttributeValue, shouldHugJsExpression } from "./utils.js";
+import { formatAttributeValue, shouldHugJsExpression } from "./utilities.js";
 import { printVueBindings } from "./vue-bindings.js";
 import { printVueVForDirective } from "./vue-v-for-directive.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/vue-bindings.js b/src/language-html/embed/vue-bindings.js
index a6ba48d8f..6f5ae4016 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/vue-bindings.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/vue-bindings.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utils/index.js";
-import isVueSfcWithTypescriptScript from "../utils/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js";
-import { formatAttributeValue } from "./utils.js";
+import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isVueSfcWithTypescriptScript from "../utilities/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js";
+import { formatAttributeValue } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-html/embed/vue-v-for-directive.js b/src/language-html/embed/vue-v-for-directive.js
index ce908a17e..929a912e5 100644
--- a/src/language-html/embed/vue-v-for-directive.js
+++ b/src/language-html/embed/vue-v-for-directive.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { group } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utils/index.js";
-import isVueSfcWithTypescriptScript from "../utils/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js";
-import { formatAttributeValue } from "./utils.js";
+import { getUnescapedAttributeValue } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isVueSfcWithTypescriptScript from "../utilities/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js";
+import { formatAttributeValue } from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-html/get-visitor-keys.js b/src/language-html/get-visitor-keys.js
index 0739142eb..01f48a9d7 100644
--- a/src/language-html/get-visitor-keys.js
+++ b/src/language-html/get-visitor-keys.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
+import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
 import visitorKeys from "./visitor-keys.js";
 
 const getVisitorKeys = createGetVisitorKeys(visitorKeys, "kind");
diff --git a/src/language-html/languages.evaluate.js b/src/language-html/languages.evaluate.js
index 0f4ef2822..800abe822 100644
--- a/src/language-html/languages.evaluate.js
+++ b/src/language-html/languages.evaluate.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as linguistLanguages from "linguist-languages";
-import createLanguage from "../utils/create-language.js";
+import createLanguage from "../utilities/create-language.js";
 
 const languages = [
   createLanguage(linguistLanguages.HTML, () => ({
diff --git a/src/language-html/parse/postprocess.js b/src/language-html/parse/postprocess.js
index eae990e2a..2837f0651 100644
--- a/src/language-html/parse/postprocess.js
+++ b/src/language-html/parse/postprocess.js
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import {
   RecursiveVisitor,
   visitAll,
 } from "angular-html-parser";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import HTML_ELEMENT_ATTRIBUTES from "../utils/html-elements-attributes.evaluate.js";
-import HTML_TAGS from "../utils/html-tags.evaluate.js";
-import isUnknownNamespace from "../utils/is-unknown-namespace.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import HTML_ELEMENT_ATTRIBUTES from "../utilities/html-elements-attributes.evaluate.js";
+import HTML_TAGS from "../utilities/html-tags.evaluate.js";
+import isUnknownNamespace from "../utilities/is-unknown-namespace.js";
 import { Node } from "./ast.js";
 import { parseIeConditionalComment } from "./conditional-comment.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-html/pragma.js b/src/language-html/pragma.js
index 4868bd9dd..92ae86529 100644
--- a/src/language-html/pragma.js
+++ b/src/language-html/pragma.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import {
   FORMAT_PRAGMA_TO_INSERT,
   HTML_HAS_IGNORE_PRAGMA_REGEXP,
   HTML_HAS_PRAGMA_REGEXP,
-} from "../utils/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
+} from "../utilities/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
 
 const hasPragma = (text) => HTML_HAS_PRAGMA_REGEXP.test(text);
 const hasIgnorePragma = (text) => HTML_HAS_IGNORE_PRAGMA_REGEXP.test(text);
diff --git a/src/language-html/print-preprocess.js b/src/language-html/print-preprocess.js
index bddde3ec5..ec7d5b330 100644
--- a/src/language-html/print-preprocess.js
+++ b/src/language-html/print-preprocess.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { ParseSourceSpan } from "angular-html-parser";
-import htmlWhitespaceUtils from "../utils/html-whitespace-utils.js";
+import htmlWhitespace from "../utilities/html-whitespace.js";
 import {
   canHaveInterpolation,
   getLeadingAndTrailingHtmlWhitespace,
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
   isLeadingSpaceSensitiveNode,
   isTrailingSpaceSensitiveNode,
   isWhitespaceSensitiveNode,
-} from "./utils/index.js";
+} from "./utilities/index.js";
 
 const PREPROCESS_PIPELINE = [
   removeIgnorableFirstLf,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ function mergeSimpleElementIntoText(ast /* , options */) {
     node.attrs.length === 0 &&
     node.children.length === 1 &&
     node.firstChild.kind === "text" &&
-    !htmlWhitespaceUtils.hasWhitespaceCharacter(node.children[0].value) &&
+    !htmlWhitespace.hasWhitespaceCharacter(node.children[0].value) &&
     !node.firstChild.hasLeadingSpaces &&
     !node.firstChild.hasTrailingSpaces &&
     node.isLeadingSpaceSensitive &&
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ function extractWhitespaces(ast, options) {
       children.length === 0 ||
       (children.length === 1 &&
         children[0].kind === "text" &&
-        htmlWhitespaceUtils.trim(children[0].value).length === 0)
+        htmlWhitespace.trim(children[0].value).length === 0)
     ) {
       node.hasDanglingSpaces = children.length > 0;
       node.$children = [];
diff --git a/src/language-html/print/angular-control-flow-block.js b/src/language-html/print/angular-control-flow-block.js
index 82253bd50..e1d0919e0 100644
--- a/src/language-html/print/angular-control-flow-block.js
+++ b/src/language-html/print/angular-control-flow-block.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
   line,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { hasPrettierIgnore } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { hasPrettierIgnore } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import ANGULAR_CONTROL_FLOW_BLOCK_SETTINGS from "./angular-control-flow-block-settings.evaluate.js";
 import { printChildren } from "./children.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-html/print/children.js b/src/language-html/print/children.js
index bc22a8cbd..2a98c5521 100644
--- a/src/language-html/print/children.js
+++ b/src/language-html/print/children.js
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import {
   replaceEndOfLine,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import htmlWhitespaceUtils from "../../utils/html-whitespace-utils.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import htmlWhitespace from "../../utilities/html-whitespace.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   forceBreakChildren,
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
   hasPrettierIgnore,
   isTextLikeNode,
   preferHardlineAsLeadingSpaces,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import {
   needsToBorrowNextOpeningTagStartMarker,
   needsToBorrowParentClosingTagStartMarker,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ function printChild(path, options, print) {
     return [
       printOpeningTagPrefix(child, options),
       replaceEndOfLine(
-        htmlWhitespaceUtils.trimEnd(
+        htmlWhitespace.trimEnd(
           options.originalText.slice(
             locStart(child) +
               (child.prev && needsToBorrowNextOpeningTagStartMarker(child.prev)
diff --git a/src/language-html/print/element.js b/src/language-html/print/element.js
index dce0d4fdb..3ae5ab6e0 100644
--- a/src/language-html/print/element.js
+++ b/src/language-html/print/element.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import {
   isScriptLikeTag,
   isVueCustomBlock,
   shouldPreserveContent,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printChildren } from "./children.js";
 import {
   needsToBorrowLastChildClosingTagEndMarker,
diff --git a/src/language-html/print/tag.js b/src/language-html/print/tag.js
index 6e8ebd86c..429f1d9e5 100644
--- a/src/language-html/print/tag.js
+++ b/src/language-html/print/tag.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
   replaceEndOfLine,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   getLastDescendant,
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {
   isTextLikeNode,
   isVueSfcBlock,
   shouldPreserveContent,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 function printClosingTag(node, options) {
   return [
diff --git a/src/language-html/printer-html.js b/src/language-html/printer-html.js
index 6d51941db..289634f1e 100644
--- a/src/language-html/printer-html.js
+++ b/src/language-html/printer-html.js
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import {
   line,
   replaceEndOfLine,
 } from "../document/index.js";
-import getPreferredQuote from "../utils/get-preferred-quote.js";
-import htmlWhitespaceUtils from "../utils/html-whitespace-utils.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import getPreferredQuote from "../utilities/get-preferred-quote.js";
+import htmlWhitespace from "../utilities/html-whitespace.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 import clean from "./clean.js";
 import embed from "./embed.js";
 import getVisitorKeys from "./get-visitor-keys.js";
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import {
   printOpeningTagStart,
 } from "./print/tag.js";
 import preprocess from "./print-preprocess.js";
-import { getTextValueParts, unescapeQuoteEntities } from "./utils/index.js";
+import { getTextValueParts, unescapeQuoteEntities } from "./utilities/index.js";
 
 function genericPrint(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function genericPrint(path, options, print) {
     case "angularControlFlowBlockParameters":
       return printAngularControlFlowBlockParameters(path, options, print);
     case "angularControlFlowBlockParameter":
-      return htmlWhitespaceUtils.trim(node.expression);
+      return htmlWhitespace.trim(node.expression);
 
     case "angularLetDeclaration":
       // print like "break-after-operator" layout assignment in estree printer
diff --git a/src/language-html/utils/html-elements-attributes.evaluate.js b/src/language-html/utilities/html-elements-attributes.evaluate.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-html/utils/html-elements-attributes.evaluate.js
rename to src/language-html/utilities/html-elements-attributes.evaluate.js
diff --git a/src/language-html/utils/html-tags.evaluate.js b/src/language-html/utilities/html-tags.evaluate.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-html/utils/html-tags.evaluate.js
rename to src/language-html/utilities/html-tags.evaluate.js
diff --git a/src/language-html/utils/index.js b/src/language-html/utilities/index.js
similarity index 96%
rename from src/language-html/utils/index.js
rename to src/language-html/utilities/index.js
index f8fc3d15f..ec00e6262 100644
--- a/src/language-html/utils/index.js
+++ b/src/language-html/utilities/index.js
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import {
   replaceEndOfLine,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { isFrontMatter } from "../../main/front-matter/index.js";
-import htmlWhitespaceUtils from "../../utils/html-whitespace-utils.js";
-import inferParser from "../../utils/infer-parser.js";
+import htmlWhitespace from "../../utilities/html-whitespace.js";
+import inferParser from "../../utilities/infer-parser.js";
 import {
   CSS_DISPLAY_DEFAULT,
   CSS_DISPLAY_TAGS,
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ import isUnknownNamespace from "./is-unknown-namespace.js";
 const htmlTrimLeadingBlankLines = (string) =>
   string.replaceAll(/^[\t\f\r ]*\n/gu, "");
 const htmlTrimPreserveIndentation = (string) =>
-  htmlTrimLeadingBlankLines(htmlWhitespaceUtils.trimEnd(string));
+  htmlTrimLeadingBlankLines(htmlWhitespace.trimEnd(string));
 const getLeadingAndTrailingHtmlWhitespace = (string) => {
   let text = string;
-  const leadingWhitespace = htmlWhitespaceUtils.getLeadingWhitespace(text);
+  const leadingWhitespace = htmlWhitespace.getLeadingWhitespace(text);
   if (leadingWhitespace) {
     text = text.slice(leadingWhitespace.length);
   }
-  const trailingWhitespace = htmlWhitespaceUtils.getTrailingWhitespace(text);
+  const trailingWhitespace = htmlWhitespace.getTrailingWhitespace(text);
   if (trailingWhitespace) {
     text = text.slice(0, -trailingWhitespace.length);
   }
@@ -590,10 +590,10 @@ function getTextValueParts(node, value = node.value) {
     ? node.parent.isIndentationSensitive
       ? replaceEndOfLine(value)
       : replaceEndOfLine(
-          htmlWhitespaceUtils.dedentString(htmlTrimPreserveIndentation(value)),
+          htmlWhitespace.dedentString(htmlTrimPreserveIndentation(value)),
           hardline,
         )
-    : join(line, htmlWhitespaceUtils.split(value));
+    : join(line, htmlWhitespace.split(value));
 }
 
 function isVueScriptTag(node, options) {
diff --git a/src/language-html/utils/is-unknown-namespace.js b/src/language-html/utilities/is-unknown-namespace.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-html/utils/is-unknown-namespace.js
rename to src/language-html/utilities/is-unknown-namespace.js
diff --git a/src/language-html/utils/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js b/src/language-html/utilities/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-html/utils/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js
rename to src/language-html/utilities/is-vue-sfc-with-typescript-script.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/clean.js b/src/language-js/clean.js
index d49d36539..986bcbe47 100644
--- a/src/language-js/clean.js
+++ b/src/language-js/clean.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {
   isMeaningfulEmptyStatement,
   isNumericLiteral,
   isStringLiteral,
-} from "./utils/index.js";
+} from "./utilities/index.js";
 
 const ignoredProperties = new Set([
   "range",
diff --git a/src/language-js/comments/printer-methods.js b/src/language-js/comments/can-attach-comment.js
similarity index 66%
rename from src/language-js/comments/printer-methods.js
rename to src/language-js/comments/can-attach-comment.js
index 952e39cc5..ef7bfe821 100644
--- a/src/language-js/comments/printer-methods.js
+++ b/src/language-js/comments/can-attach-comment.js
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import {
   createTypeCheckFunction,
   getFunctionParameters,
-  hasNodeIgnoreComment,
-  isJsxElement,
   isMeaningfulEmptyStatement,
   isMethod,
   isTsAsConstExpression,
-  isUnionType,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Node} from "../types/estree.js"
@@ -148,56 +145,4 @@ function canAttachComment(node, ancestors) {
   return true;
 }
 
-const isClassOrInterface = createTypeCheckFunction([
-  "ClassDeclaration",
-  "ClassExpression",
-  "DeclareClass",
-  "DeclareInterface",
-  "InterfaceDeclaration",
-  "TSInterfaceDeclaration",
-  // Can't have `id` or `typeParameters`
-  // "InterfaceTypeAnnotation",
-]);
-
-/**
- * @param {AstPath} path
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-function willPrintOwnComments(path) {
-  const { key, parent } = path;
-  if (
-    (key === "types" && isUnionType(parent)) ||
-    (key === "argument" && parent.type === "JSXSpreadAttribute") ||
-    (key === "expression" && parent.type === "JSXSpreadChild") ||
-    (key === "superClass" &&
-      (parent.type === "ClassDeclaration" ||
-        parent.type === "ClassExpression")) ||
-    ((key === "id" || key === "typeParameters") &&
-      isClassOrInterface(parent)) ||
-    // Not tested, don't know how to
-    (key === "patterns" && parent.type === "MatchOrPattern")
-  ) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  const { node } = path;
-  if (hasNodeIgnoreComment(node)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return isJsxElement(node) || isUnionType(node);
-}
-
-function isGap(text, { parser }) {
-  if (parser === "flow" || parser === "hermes" || parser === "babel-flow") {
-    // Example: (a /* b */ /* : c */)
-    //                gap ^^^^
-    text = text.replaceAll(/[\s(]/gu, "");
-    return text === "" || text === "/*" || text === "/*::";
-  }
-}
-
-export { printComment } from "../print/comment.js";
-export { default as isBlockComment } from "../utils/is-block-comment.js";
-export { default as handleComments } from "./handle-comments.js";
-export { canAttachComment, isGap, willPrintOwnComments };
+export default canAttachComment;
diff --git a/src/language-js/comments/handle-comments.js b/src/language-js/comments/handle-comments.js
index e03ec7ef1..ee62a416f 100644
--- a/src/language-js/comments/handle-comments.js
+++ b/src/language-js/comments/handle-comments.js
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ import {
   addDanglingComment,
   addLeadingComment,
   addTrailingComment,
-} from "../../main/comments/utils.js";
-import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter from "../../utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js";
-import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex from "../../utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utils/has-newline-in-range.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+} from "../../main/comments/utilities.js";
+import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter from "../../utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js";
+import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex from "../../utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   createTypeCheckFunction,
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ import {
   isObjectProperty,
   isPrettierIgnoreComment,
   isUnionType,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
-import isBlockComment from "../utils/is-block-comment.js";
-import isLineComment from "../utils/is-line-comment.js";
-import isTypeCastComment from "../utils/is-type-cast-comment.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isBlockComment from "../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
+import isLineComment from "../utilities/is-line-comment.js";
+import isTypeCastComment from "../utilities/is-type-cast-comment.js";
 
 /** @import * as Estree from "../types/estree.js" */
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/comments/is-gap.js b/src/language-js/comments/is-gap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d49562176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/comments/is-gap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+function isGap(text, { parser }) {
+  if (parser === "flow" || parser === "hermes" || parser === "babel-flow") {
+    // Example: (a /* b */ /* : c */)
+    //                gap ^^^^
+    text = text.replaceAll(/[\s(]/gu, "");
+    return text === "" || text === "/*" || text === "/*::";
+  }
+}
+
+export default isGap;
diff --git a/src/language-js/comments/will-print-own-comments.js b/src/language-js/comments/will-print-own-comments.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04c176d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/comments/will-print-own-comments.js
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import {
+  createTypeCheckFunction,
+  hasNodeIgnoreComment,
+  isJsxElement,
+  isUnionType,
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
+
+/**
+ * @import {Node} from "../types/estree.js"
+ * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
+ */
+
+const isClassOrInterface = createTypeCheckFunction([
+  "ClassDeclaration",
+  "ClassExpression",
+  "DeclareClass",
+  "DeclareInterface",
+  "InterfaceDeclaration",
+  "TSInterfaceDeclaration",
+  // Can't have `id` or `typeParameters`
+  // "InterfaceTypeAnnotation",
+]);
+
+/**
+ * @param {AstPath} path
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function willPrintOwnComments(path) {
+  const { key, parent } = path;
+  if (
+    (key === "types" && isUnionType(parent)) ||
+    (key === "argument" && parent.type === "JSXSpreadAttribute") ||
+    (key === "expression" && parent.type === "JSXSpreadChild") ||
+    (key === "superClass" &&
+      (parent.type === "ClassDeclaration" ||
+        parent.type === "ClassExpression")) ||
+    ((key === "id" || key === "typeParameters") &&
+      isClassOrInterface(parent)) ||
+    // Not tested, don't know how to
+    (key === "patterns" && parent.type === "MatchOrPattern")
+  ) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const { node } = path;
+  if (hasNodeIgnoreComment(node)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return isJsxElement(node) || isUnionType(node);
+}
+
+export default willPrintOwnComments;
diff --git a/src/language-js/embed/css.js b/src/language-js/embed/css.js
index 393862ed8..f7a76de3d 100644
--- a/src/language-js/embed/css.js
+++ b/src/language-js/embed/css.js
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ import {
   replaceEndOfLine,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { printTemplateExpressions } from "../print/template-literal.js";
-import isNodeMatches from "../utils/is-node-matches.js";
-import { isAngularComponentStyles } from "./utils.js";
+import isNodeMatches from "../utilities/is-node-matches.js";
+import { isAngularComponentStyles } from "./utilities.js";
 
 async function printEmbedCss(textToDoc, print, path /* , options*/) {
   const { node } = path;
diff --git a/src/language-js/embed/graphql.js b/src/language-js/embed/graphql.js
index 97b35102f..74fe61013 100644
--- a/src/language-js/embed/graphql.js
+++ b/src/language-js/embed/graphql.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {
   escapeTemplateCharacters,
   printTemplateExpressions,
 } from "../print/template-literal.js";
-import { hasLanguageComment } from "./utils.js";
+import { hasLanguageComment } from "./utilities.js";
 
 async function printEmbedGraphQL(textToDoc, print, path /* , options*/) {
   const { node } = path;
diff --git a/src/language-js/embed/html.js b/src/language-js/embed/html.js
index 68476d354..8d04d30f9 100644
--- a/src/language-js/embed/html.js
+++ b/src/language-js/embed/html.js
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   printTemplateExpressions,
   uncookTemplateElementValue,
 } from "../print/template-literal.js";
-import { hasLanguageComment, isAngularComponentTemplate } from "./utils.js";
+import { hasLanguageComment, isAngularComponentTemplate } from "./utilities.js";
 
 // The counter is needed to distinguish nested embeds.
 let htmlTemplateLiteralCounter = 0;
diff --git a/src/language-js/embed/utils.js b/src/language-js/embed/utilities.js
similarity index 98%
rename from src/language-js/embed/utils.js
rename to src/language-js/embed/utilities.js
index 9737a34c7..86ff723ac 100644
--- a/src/language-js/embed/utils.js
+++ b/src/language-js/embed/utilities.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {
   hasComment,
   isArrayExpression,
   isObjectProperty,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 const angularComponentObjectExpressionPredicates = [
   (node, name) => node.type === "ObjectExpression" && name === "properties",
diff --git a/src/language-js/languages.evaluate.js b/src/language-js/languages.evaluate.js
index 9e6b43d1e..d618250e7 100644
--- a/src/language-js/languages.evaluate.js
+++ b/src/language-js/languages.evaluate.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as linguistLanguages from "linguist-languages";
-import createLanguage from "../utils/create-language.js";
+import createLanguage from "../utilities/create-language.js";
 
 const languages = [
   createLanguage(linguistLanguages.JavaScript, (data) => ({
diff --git a/src/language-js/needs-parens.js b/src/language-js/parentheses/needs-parentheses.js
similarity index 99%
rename from src/language-js/needs-parens.js
rename to src/language-js/parentheses/needs-parentheses.js
index 200fd28f3..f6e4b6303 100644
--- a/src/language-js/needs-parens.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parentheses/needs-parentheses.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import {
   createTypeCheckFunction,
   getFunctionParameters,
@@ -20,17 +20,17 @@ import {
   isUnionType,
   shouldFlatten,
   startsWithNoLookaheadToken,
-} from "./utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /**
- * @import AstPath from "../common/ast-path.js"
+ * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
  */
 
 /**
  * @param {AstPath} path
  * @returns {boolean}
  */
-function needsParens(path, options) {
+function needsParentheses(path, options) {
   if (path.isRoot) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -1145,13 +1145,14 @@ function shouldWrapFunctionForExportDefault(path, options) {
       // in some cases the function is already wrapped
       // (e.g. `export default (function() {})();`)
       // in this case we don't need to add extra parens
-      !needsParens(path, options)
+      !needsParentheses(path, options)
     );
   }
 
   if (
     !hasNakedLeftSide(node) ||
-    (parent.type !== "ExportDefaultDeclaration" && needsParens(path, options))
+    (parent.type !== "ExportDefaultDeclaration" &&
+      needsParentheses(path, options))
   ) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -1346,4 +1347,4 @@ function canDecoratorExpressionUnparenthesized(node) {
   );
 }
 
-export default needsParens;
+export default needsParentheses;
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/acorn.js b/src/language-js/parse/acorn.js
index 98cb314e5..539b90233 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/acorn.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/acorn.js
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import { Parser as AcornParser } from "acorn";
 import acornJsx from "acorn-jsx";
 import createError from "../../common/parser-create-error.js";
-import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utils/try-combinations.js";
+import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utilities/try-combinations.js";
 import postprocess from "./postprocess/index.js";
-import createParser from "./utils/create-parser.js";
+import createParser from "./utilities/create-parser.js";
 import {
   getSourceType,
   SOURCE_TYPE_COMBINATIONS,
   SOURCE_TYPE_COMMONJS,
   SOURCE_TYPE_MODULE,
   SOURCE_TYPE_SCRIPT,
-} from "./utils/source-types.js";
+} from "./utilities/source-types.js";
 
 /**
 @import {Options} from "acorn";
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/babel.js b/src/language-js/parse/babel.js
index f8957df1d..ab19cb6a2 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/babel.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/babel.js
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import { parse as babelParse, parseExpression } from "@babel/parser";
-import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex from "../../utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js";
-import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utils/try-combinations.js";
-import getShebang from "../utils/get-shebang.js";
+import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex from "../../utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js";
+import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utilities/try-combinations.js";
+import getShebang from "../utilities/get-shebang.js";
 import postprocess from "./postprocess/index.js";
-import createBabelParseError from "./utils/create-babel-parse-error.js";
-import createParser from "./utils/create-parser.js";
+import createBabelParseError from "./utilities/create-babel-parse-error.js";
+import createParser from "./utilities/create-parser.js";
 import {
   getSourceType,
   SOURCE_TYPE_COMMONJS,
   SOURCE_TYPE_MODULE,
-} from "./utils/source-types.js";
-import wrapBabelExpression from "./utils/wrap-babel-expression.js";
+} from "./utilities/source-types.js";
+import wrapBabelExpression from "./utilities/wrap-babel-expression.js";
 
 const createBabelParser = (options) => createParser(createParse(options));
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/espree.js b/src/language-js/parse/espree.js
index 5369d111e..79d04f028 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/espree.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/espree.js
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import { parse as espreeParse } from "espree";
 import createError from "../../common/parser-create-error.js";
-import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utils/try-combinations.js";
+import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utilities/try-combinations.js";
 import postprocess from "./postprocess/index.js";
-import createParser from "./utils/create-parser.js";
+import createParser from "./utilities/create-parser.js";
 import {
   getSourceType,
   SOURCE_TYPE_COMBINATIONS,
-} from "./utils/source-types.js";
+} from "./utilities/source-types.js";
 
 /** @import {Options} from "espree" */
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/flow.js b/src/language-js/parse/flow.js
index 578e4402f..c6d0f97b9 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/flow.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/flow.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import flowParser from "flow-parser";
 import createError from "../../common/parser-create-error.js";
 import postprocess from "./postprocess/index.js";
-import createParser from "./utils/create-parser.js";
+import createParser from "./utilities/create-parser.js";
 
 // https://github.com/facebook/flow/tree/main/packages/flow-parser#options
 // Keep this sync with `/scripts/sync-flow-test.js`
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/hermes.js b/src/language-js/parse/hermes.js
index 0dd3d34a7..cc81c9047 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/hermes.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/hermes.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { parse as hermesParse } from "hermes-parser";
 import createError from "../../common/parser-create-error.js";
 import postprocess from "./postprocess/index.js";
-import createParser from "./utils/create-parser.js";
+import createParser from "./utilities/create-parser.js";
 
 function createParseError(error) {
   let { message, loc } = error;
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/meriyah.js b/src/language-js/parse/meriyah.js
index d4c51853b..75f6455a2 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/meriyah.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/meriyah.js
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import { parse as meriyahParse } from "meriyah";
 import createError from "../../common/parser-create-error.js";
-import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utils/try-combinations.js";
+import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utilities/try-combinations.js";
 import postprocess from "./postprocess/index.js";
-import createParser from "./utils/create-parser.js";
+import createParser from "./utilities/create-parser.js";
 import {
   getSourceType,
   SOURCE_TYPE_COMBINATIONS,
-} from "./utils/source-types.js";
+} from "./utilities/source-types.js";
 
 /**
 @import {ESTree as MeriyahESTree} from "meriyah";
-@import {SOURCE_TYPE_MODULE, SOURCE_TYPE_COMMONJS} from "./utils/source-types.js";
+@import {SOURCE_TYPE_MODULE, SOURCE_TYPE_COMMONJS} from "./utilities/source-types.js";
 */
 
 // https://github.com/meriyah/meriyah/blob/4676f60b6c149d7082bde2c9147f9ae2359c8075/src/parser.ts#L185
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/oxc.js b/src/language-js/parse/oxc.js
index 1e7e5d735..b6093d505 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/oxc.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/oxc.js
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import indexToPosition from "index-to-position";
 import { parse as oxcParse } from "oxc-parser";
 import createError from "../../common/parser-create-error.js";
-import { tryCombinations } from "../../utils/try-combinations.js";
+import { tryCombinations } from "../../utilities/try-combinations.js";
 import postprocess from "./postprocess/index.js";
-import createParser from "./utils/create-parser.js";
-import jsxRegexp from "./utils/jsx-regexp.evaluate.js";
+import createParser from "./utilities/create-parser.js";
+import jsxRegexp from "./utilities/jsx-regexp.evaluate.js";
 import {
   getSourceType,
   SOURCE_TYPE_COMMONJS,
   SOURCE_TYPE_SCRIPT,
-} from "./utils/source-types.js";
+} from "./utilities/source-types.js";
 
 /** @import {ParseResult, ParserOptions as ParserOptionsWithoutExperimentalRawTransfer} from "oxc-parser" */
 /** @typedef {Omit<ParserOptionsWithoutExperimentalRawTransfer, "sourceType"> & {
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js
index f4c2a6fbe..5a4e1cc5f 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/index.js
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import * as assert from "#universal/assert";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../../loc.js";
-import createTypeCheckFunction from "../../utils/create-type-check-function.js";
-import getRaw from "../../utils/get-raw.js";
-import isBlockComment from "../../utils/is-block-comment.js";
-import isLineComment from "../../utils/is-line-comment.js";
-import isTypeCastComment from "../../utils/is-type-cast-comment.js";
+import createTypeCheckFunction from "../../utilities/create-type-check-function.js";
+import getRaw from "../../utilities/get-raw.js";
+import isBlockComment from "../../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
+import isLineComment from "../../utilities/is-line-comment.js";
+import isTypeCastComment from "../../utilities/is-type-cast-comment.js";
 import mergeNestledJsdocComments from "./merge-nestled-jsdoc-comments.js";
 import visitNode from "./visit-node.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/merge-nestled-jsdoc-comments.js b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/merge-nestled-jsdoc-comments.js
index 549e7513c..53cf3108f 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/merge-nestled-jsdoc-comments.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/postprocess/merge-nestled-jsdoc-comments.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../../loc.js";
-import isBlockComment from "../../utils/is-block-comment.js";
-import isIndentableBlockComment from "../../utils/is-indentable-block-comment.js";
-import isLineComment from "../../utils/is-line-comment.js";
+import isBlockComment from "../../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
+import isIndentableBlockComment from "../../utilities/is-indentable-block-comment.js";
+import isLineComment from "../../utilities/is-line-comment.js";
 
 function mergeNestledJsdocComments(comments) {
   if (comments.length < 2) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/typescript.js b/src/language-js/parse/typescript.js
index a2c6cbab7..87c1567b5 100644
--- a/src/language-js/parse/typescript.js
+++ b/src/language-js/parse/typescript.js
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import { parse as parseTypeScript } from "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree";
 import createError from "../../common/parser-create-error.js";
-import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utils/try-combinations.js";
+import { tryCombinationsSync } from "../../utilities/try-combinations.js";
 import postprocess from "./postprocess/index.js";
-import createParser from "./utils/create-parser.js";
-import jsxRegexp from "./utils/jsx-regexp.evaluate.js";
-import replaceHashbang from "./utils/replace-hashbang.js";
+import createParser from "./utilities/create-parser.js";
+import jsxRegexp from "./utilities/jsx-regexp.evaluate.js";
+import replaceHashbang from "./utilities/replace-hashbang.js";
 import {
   getSourceType,
   SOURCE_TYPE_COMBINATIONS,
-} from "./utils/source-types.js";
+} from "./utilities/source-types.js";
 
 /** @import {TSESTreeOptions} from "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree" */
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/utils/create-babel-parse-error.js b/src/language-js/parse/utilities/create-babel-parse-error.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/parse/utils/create-babel-parse-error.js
rename to src/language-js/parse/utilities/create-babel-parse-error.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/utils/create-parser.js b/src/language-js/parse/utilities/create-parser.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/parse/utils/create-parser.js
rename to src/language-js/parse/utilities/create-parser.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/utils/jsx-regexp.evaluate.js b/src/language-js/parse/utilities/jsx-regexp.evaluate.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/parse/utils/jsx-regexp.evaluate.js
rename to src/language-js/parse/utilities/jsx-regexp.evaluate.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/utils/replace-hashbang.js b/src/language-js/parse/utilities/replace-hashbang.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/parse/utils/replace-hashbang.js
rename to src/language-js/parse/utilities/replace-hashbang.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/utils/source-types.js b/src/language-js/parse/utilities/source-types.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/parse/utils/source-types.js
rename to src/language-js/parse/utilities/source-types.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/parse/utils/wrap-babel-expression.js b/src/language-js/parse/utilities/wrap-babel-expression.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/parse/utils/wrap-babel-expression.js
rename to src/language-js/parse/utilities/wrap-babel-expression.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/pragma.js b/src/language-js/pragma.js
index 3f7ad568d..1bef7e050 100644
--- a/src/language-js/pragma.js
+++ b/src/language-js/pragma.js
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import {
   FORMAT_IGNORE_PRAGMAS,
   FORMAT_PRAGMA_TO_INSERT,
   FORMAT_PRAGMAS,
-} from "../utils/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
-import getShebang from "./utils/get-shebang.js";
+} from "../utilities/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
+import getShebang from "./utilities/get-shebang.js";
 
 function parseDocBlock(text) {
   const shebang = getShebang(text);
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/angular.js b/src/language-js/print/angular.js
index f208d0593..30285d466 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/angular.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/angular.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { group, join, line } from "../../document/index.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
-import { createTypeCheckFunction, hasNode } from "../utils/index.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction, hasNode } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printBinaryishExpression } from "./binaryish.js";
 
 /** @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js" */
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/array-type.js b/src/language-js/print/array-type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f07f4b2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/array-type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/*
+- `TSArrayType`
+- `ArrayTypeAnnotation`
+*/
+function printArrayType(print) {
+  return [print("elementType"), "[]"];
+}
+
+export { printArrayType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/array.js b/src/language-js/print/array.js
index 130782c52..9da195471 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/array.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/array.js
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex from "../../utils/is-next-line-empty.js";
-import skipInlineComment from "../../utils/skip-inline-comment.js";
-import skipTrailingComment from "../../utils/skip-trailing-comment.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex from "../../utilities/is-next-line-empty.js";
+import skipInlineComment from "../../utilities/skip-inline-comment.js";
+import skipTrailingComment from "../../utilities/skip-trailing-comment.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import {
   isObjectExpression,
   isSignedNumericLiteral,
   shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printOptionalToken } from "./misc.js";
 import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/arrow-function.js b/src/language-js/print/arrow-function.js
index 89ad77fab..6eeccfb01 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/arrow-function.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/arrow-function.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   printCommentsSeparately,
   printDanglingComments,
 } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex from "../../utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js";
+import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex from "../../utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js";
 import { locEnd } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import {
   isTemplateOnItsOwnLine,
   shouldPrintComma,
   startsWithNoLookaheadToken,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printReturnType, shouldPrintParamsWithoutParens } from "./function.js";
 import { printFunctionParameters } from "./function-parameters.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/assignment.js b/src/language-js/print/assignment.js
index 67159c106..938397233 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/assignment.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/assignment.js
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import {
   lineSuffixBoundary,
   willBreak,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import getStringWidth from "../../utils/get-string-width.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import getStringWidth from "../../utilities/get-string-width.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import {
   getCallArguments,
   hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import {
   isStringLiteral,
   isTypeAlias,
   isUnionType,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { shouldInlineLogicalExpression } from "./binaryish.js";
 import { printCallExpression } from "./call-expression.js";
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/binaryish.js b/src/language-js/print/binaryish.js
index 0c0310947..33d6022bf 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/binaryish.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/binaryish.js
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ import {
   isObjectExpression,
   isObjectProperty,
   shouldFlatten,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
-import isTypeCastComment from "../utils/is-type-cast-comment.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isTypeCastComment from "../utilities/is-type-cast-comment.js";
 
 /** @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js" */
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/bind-expression.js b/src/language-js/print/bind-expression.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f8bf5383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/bind-expression.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { group, indent, softline } from "../../document/index.js";
+
+function printBindExpression(path, options, print) {
+  return [
+    print("object"),
+    group(indent([softline, printBindExpressionCallee(path, options, print)])),
+  ];
+}
+
+function printBindExpressionCallee(path, options, print) {
+  return ["::", print("callee")];
+}
+
+export { printBindExpression, printBindExpressionCallee };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/block.js b/src/language-js/print/block.js
index 5094c3b3c..d5b83521d 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/block.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/block.js
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { hardline, indent } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   hasComment,
   isNextLineEmpty,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printStatementSequence } from "./statement.js";
 
 /** @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js" */
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/call-arguments.js b/src/language-js/print/call-arguments.js
index ae7e10d03..c076fc87c 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/call-arguments.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/call-arguments.js
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import {
   isStringLiteral,
   iterateCallArgumentsPath,
   shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { isConciselyPrintedArray } from "./array.js";
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/call-expression.js b/src/language-js/print/call-expression.js
index a27a53567..7e3034d67 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/call-expression.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/call-expression.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { group, join } from "../../document/index.js";
-import pathNeedsParens from "../needs-parens.js";
+import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
 import {
   getCallArguments,
   hasComment,
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   isTemplateOnItsOwnLine,
   isTestCall,
   iterateCallArgumentsPath,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import printCallArguments from "./call-arguments.js";
 import printMemberChain from "./member-chain.js";
 import { printOptionalToken } from "./misc.js";
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ function printCallExpression(path, options, print) {
     !isNewExpression &&
     isMemberish(node.callee) &&
     !path.call(
-      () => pathNeedsParens(path, options),
+      () => needsParentheses(path, options),
       "callee",
       ...(node.callee.type === "ChainExpression" ? ["expression"] : []),
     )
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/cast-expression.js b/src/language-js/print/cast-expression.js
index fe9aca478..a411c9dc7 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/cast-expression.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/cast-expression.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {
   createTypeCheckFunction,
   isCallExpression,
   isMemberExpression,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 const isSatisfiesExpression = createTypeCheckFunction([
   "SatisfiesExpression",
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/class-body.js b/src/language-js/print/class-body.js
index 34d5dd4c6..3c292110d 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/class-body.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/class-body.js
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utils/has-newline-in-range.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
   hasComment,
   isNextLineEmpty,
   shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { shouldHugTheOnlyParameter } from "./function-parameters.js";
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/class.js b/src/language-js/print/class.js
index 876b033b6..db49d5650 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/class.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/class.js
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ import {
   printCommentsSeparately,
   printDanglingComments,
 } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import createGroupIdMapper from "../../utils/create-group-id-mapper.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import createGroupIdMapper from "../../utilities/create-group-id-mapper.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   createTypeCheckFunction,
   hasComment,
   isMemberExpression,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printAssignment } from "./assignment.js";
 import { printClassMemberDecorators } from "./decorators.js";
 import { printMethod } from "./function.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/comment.js b/src/language-js/print/comment.js
index 6121d3144..f2e50f35e 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/comment.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/comment.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { hardline, join, replaceEndOfLine } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
-import isBlockComment from "../utils/is-block-comment.js";
-import isIndentableBlockComment from "../utils/is-indentable-block-comment.js";
-import isLineComment from "../utils/is-line-comment.js";
+import isBlockComment from "../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
+import isIndentableBlockComment from "../utilities/is-indentable-block-comment.js";
+import isLineComment from "../utilities/is-line-comment.js";
 
 function printComment(path, options) {
   const comment = path.node;
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/component.js b/src/language-js/print/component.js
index e325837ec..e5f2040c3 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/component.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/component.js
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter from "../../utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js";
+import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter from "../../utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js";
 import { locEnd } from "../loc.js";
-import { isNextLineEmpty, shouldPrintComma } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { isNextLineEmpty, shouldPrintComma } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printDeclareToken } from "./misc.js";
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/decorators.js b/src/language-js/print/decorators.js
index 7c6d893e9..ac0487211 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/decorators.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/decorators.js
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ import {
   join,
   line,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { hasSameLocStart, locEnd } from "../loc.js";
-import { isExportDeclaration } from "../utils/index.js";
-import isIgnored from "../utils/is-ignored.js";
+import { isExportDeclaration } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isIgnored from "../utilities/is-ignored.js";
 
 function printClassMemberDecorators(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/enum.js b/src/language-js/print/enum.js
index 3ec414541..0df9fbbe7 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/enum.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/enum.js
@@ -13,6 +13,23 @@ function printEnumBody(path, options, print) {
   return printEnumMembers(path, options, print);
 }
 
+function printFlowEnumBody(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  return [
+    node.type === "EnumSymbolBody" || node.explicitType
+      ? `of ${node.type
+          .slice(
+            // `Enum`
+            4,
+            // `Body`
+            -4,
+          )
+          .toLowerCase()} `
+      : "",
+    printEnumBody(path, options, print),
+  ];
+}
+
 /*
 - `EnumBooleanMember`(flow)
 - `EnumNumberMember`(flow)
@@ -66,4 +83,9 @@ function printEnumDeclaration(path, print) {
   ];
 }
 
-export { printEnumBody, printEnumDeclaration, printEnumMember };
+export {
+  printEnumBody,
+  printEnumDeclaration,
+  printEnumMember,
+  printFlowEnumBody,
+};
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/estree.js b/src/language-js/print/estree.js
index 616a01ae5..fbf9a1ef0 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/estree.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/estree.js
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import {
   isObjectExpression,
   needsHardlineAfterDanglingComment,
   startsWithNoLookaheadToken,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
-import isBlockComment from "../utils/is-block-comment.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isBlockComment from "../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
 import { printArray } from "./array.js";
 import { printArrowFunction } from "./arrow-function.js";
 import {
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import {
   printVariableDeclarator,
 } from "./assignment.js";
 import { printBinaryishExpression } from "./binaryish.js";
+import { printBindExpression } from "./bind-expression.js";
 import { printBlock } from "./block.js";
 import { printCallExpression } from "./call-expression.js";
 import {
@@ -54,11 +55,9 @@ import { printLiteral } from "./literal.js";
 import { printMemberExpression } from "./member.js";
 import {
   adjustClause,
-  printBindExpressionCallee,
   printDeclareToken,
   printDefiniteToken,
   printOptionalToken,
-  printRestSpread,
 } from "./misc.js";
 import {
   printExportDeclaration,
@@ -67,6 +66,7 @@ import {
 } from "./module.js";
 import { printObject } from "./object.js";
 import { printProperty } from "./property.js";
+import { printRestElement, printSpreadElement } from "./rest-element.js";
 import { printStatementSequence } from "./statement.js";
 import {
   printTaggedTemplateExpression,
@@ -140,12 +140,7 @@ function printEstree(path, options, print, args) {
     case "MetaProperty":
       return [print("meta"), ".", print("property")];
     case "BindExpression":
-      return [
-        print("object"),
-        group(
-          indent([softline, printBindExpressionCallee(path, options, print)]),
-        ),
-      ];
+      return printBindExpression(path, options, print);
     case "Identifier":
       return [
         node.name,
@@ -157,10 +152,9 @@ function printEstree(path, options, print, args) {
     case "V8IntrinsicIdentifier":
       return ["%", node.name];
     case "SpreadElement":
-    case "SpreadElementPattern":
-    case "SpreadPropertyPattern":
+      return printSpreadElement(path, print);
     case "RestElement":
-      return printRestSpread(path, print);
+      return printRestElement(path, print);
     case "FunctionDeclaration":
     case "FunctionExpression":
       return printFunction(path, options, print, args);
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/expression-statement.js b/src/language-js/print/expression-statement.js
index aa0f9cad1..835f3e78b 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/expression-statement.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/expression-statement.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-import {
-  isVueEventBindingFunctionExpression,
-  isVueEventBindingMemberExpression,
-  unwrapVueEventBindingTsNode,
-} from "../utils/vue-event-binding.js";
 import {
   isSingleHtmlEventHandlerExpressionStatement,
   isSingleJsxExpressionStatementInMarkdown,
   isSingleVueEventBindingExpressionStatement,
-} from "./semicolon.js";
+} from "../semicolon/semicolon.js";
+import {
+  isVueEventBindingFunctionExpression,
+  isVueEventBindingMemberExpression,
+  unwrapVueEventBindingTsNode,
+} from "../utilities/vue-event-binding.js";
 
 function shouldPrintSemicolon(path, options) {
   if (isSingleVueEventBindingExpressionStatement(path, options)) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/flow.js b/src/language-js/print/flow.js
index 4bc58347e..24230abfb 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/flow.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/flow.js
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 
 import * as assert from "#universal/assert";
 import { replaceEndOfLine } from "../../document/index.js";
-import printNumber from "../../utils/print-number.js";
-import printString from "../../utils/print-string.js";
-import getRaw from "../utils/get-raw.js";
-import { isMethod } from "../utils/index.js";
-import isFlowKeywordType from "../utils/is-flow-keyword-type.js";
+import printNumber from "../../utilities/print-number.js";
+import printString from "../../utilities/print-string.js";
+import getRaw from "../utilities/get-raw.js";
+import { isMethod } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isFlowKeywordType from "../utilities/is-flow-keyword-type.js";
 import { printArray } from "./array.js";
+import { printArrayType } from "./array-type.js";
 import { printBinaryCastExpression } from "./cast-expression.js";
 import {
   printClass,
@@ -20,43 +21,39 @@ import {
   printComponentTypeParameter,
 } from "./component.js";
 import {
-  printEnumBody,
   printEnumDeclaration,
   printEnumMember,
+  printFlowEnumBody,
 } from "./enum.js";
+import { printFunctionType } from "./function-type.js";
 import {
   printDeclareHook,
   printHook,
   printHookTypeAnnotation,
 } from "./hook.js";
+import { printIndexedAccessType } from "./indexed-access-type.js";
+import { printInferType } from "./infer-type.js";
+import { printIntersectionType } from "./intersection-type.js";
 import { printBigInt } from "./literal.js";
 import { printFlowMappedTypeProperty } from "./mapped-type.js";
 import { printMatch, printMatchCase, printMatchPattern } from "./match.js";
-import {
-  printDeclareToken,
-  printOptionalToken,
-  printRestSpread,
-} from "./misc.js";
+import { printDeclareToken, printOptionalToken } from "./misc.js";
 import { printExportDeclaration } from "./module.js";
+import { printOpaqueType } from "./opaque-type.js";
 import { printPropertyKey } from "./property.js";
+import { printSpreadElement } from "./rest-element.js";
+import { printRestType } from "./rest-type.js";
 import { printTernary } from "./ternary.js";
+import { printNamedTupleMember } from "./tuple.js";
+import { printTypeAlias } from "./type-alias.js";
 import {
-  printArrayType,
-  printFunctionType,
-  printIndexedAccessType,
-  printInferType,
-  printIntersectionType,
-  printNamedTupleMember,
-  printOpaqueType,
-  printRestType,
-  printTypeAlias,
   printTypeAnnotation,
   printTypeAnnotationProperty,
-  printTypePredicate,
-  printTypeQuery,
-  printUnionType,
 } from "./type-annotation.js";
 import { printTypeParameter, printTypeParameters } from "./type-parameters.js";
+import { printTypePredicate } from "./type-predicate.js";
+import { printTypeQuery } from "./type-query.js";
+import { printUnionType } from "./union-type.js";
 
 function printFlow(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
@@ -165,19 +162,7 @@ function printFlow(path, options, print) {
     case "EnumBigIntBody":
     case "EnumStringBody":
     case "EnumSymbolBody":
-      return [
-        node.type === "EnumSymbolBody" || node.explicitType
-          ? `of ${node.type
-              .slice(
-                // `Enum`
-                4,
-                // `Body`
-                -4,
-              )
-              .toLowerCase()} `
-          : "",
-        printEnumBody(path, options, print),
-      ];
+      return printFlowEnumBody(path, options, print);
 
     case "EnumBooleanMember":
     case "EnumNumberMember":
@@ -275,7 +260,7 @@ function printFlow(path, options, print) {
       ];
     // Same as `RestElement`
     case "ObjectTypeSpreadProperty":
-      return printRestSpread(path, print);
+      return printSpreadElement(path, print);
     case "QualifiedTypeofIdentifier":
     case "QualifiedTypeIdentifier":
       return [print("qualification"), ".", print("id")];
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/function-parameters.js b/src/language-js/print/function-parameters.js
index 928368565..2cfb316a8 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/function-parameters.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/function-parameters.js
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import {
   willBreak,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter from "../../utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter from "../../utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   getFunctionParameters,
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import {
   isTypeAnnotationAFunction,
   iterateFunctionParametersPath,
   shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /** @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js" */
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/function-type.js b/src/language-js/print/function-type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f1e094c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/function-type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { group } from "../../document/index.js";
+import { hasSameLocStart } from "../loc.js";
+import { isFlowObjectTypePropertyAFunction } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { printClassMemberSemicolon } from "./class.js";
+import {
+  printFunctionParameters,
+  shouldGroupFunctionParameters,
+} from "./function-parameters.js";
+import { printAbstractToken } from "./misc.js";
+import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
+
+/**
+ * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
+ */
+
+/*
+- `TSFunctionType` (TypeScript)
+- `TSCallSignatureDeclaration` (TypeScript)
+- `TSConstructorType` (TypeScript)
+- `TSConstructSignatureDeclaration` (TypeScript)
+- `FunctionTypeAnnotation` (Flow)
+*/
+function printFunctionType(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  /** @type {Doc[]} */
+  const parts = [
+    // `TSConstructorType` only
+    printAbstractToken(path),
+  ];
+
+  if (
+    node.type === "TSConstructorType" ||
+    node.type === "TSConstructSignatureDeclaration"
+  ) {
+    parts.push("new ");
+  }
+
+  let parametersDoc = printFunctionParameters(
+    path,
+    options,
+    print,
+    /* shouldExpandArgument */ false,
+    /* shouldPrintTypeParameters */ true,
+  );
+
+  const returnTypeDoc = [];
+  // `flow` doesn't wrap the `returnType` with `TypeAnnotation`, so the colon
+  // needs to be added separately.
+  if (node.type === "FunctionTypeAnnotation") {
+    returnTypeDoc.push(
+      isFlowArrowFunctionTypeAnnotation(path) ? " => " : ": ",
+      print("returnType"),
+    );
+  } else {
+    returnTypeDoc.push(printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print, "returnType"));
+  }
+
+  if (shouldGroupFunctionParameters(node, returnTypeDoc)) {
+    parametersDoc = group(parametersDoc);
+  }
+
+  parts.push(parametersDoc, returnTypeDoc);
+
+  return [
+    group(parts),
+    node.type === "TSConstructSignatureDeclaration" ||
+    node.type === "TSCallSignatureDeclaration"
+      ? printClassMemberSemicolon(path, options)
+      : "",
+  ];
+}
+
+/*
+`FunctionTypeAnnotation` is ambiguous:
+- `declare function foo(a: B): void;`
+- `var A: (a: B) => void;`
+*/
+function isFlowArrowFunctionTypeAnnotation(path) {
+  const { node, parent } = path;
+  return (
+    node.type === "FunctionTypeAnnotation" &&
+    (isFlowObjectTypePropertyAFunction(parent) ||
+      !(
+        ((parent.type === "ObjectTypeProperty" ||
+          parent.type === "ObjectTypeInternalSlot") &&
+          !parent.variance &&
+          !parent.optional &&
+          hasSameLocStart(parent, node)) ||
+        parent.type === "ObjectTypeCallProperty" ||
+        path.getParentNode(2)?.type === "DeclareFunction"
+      ))
+  );
+}
+
+export { printFunctionType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/function.js b/src/language-js/print/function.js
index c2c9d2f11..c0cc75b37 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/function.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/function.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utils/has-newline-in-range.js";
+import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import {
   isCallExpression,
   isJsxElement,
   isMethod,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import {
   printFunctionParameters,
   shouldBreakFunctionParameters,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/index-signature.js b/src/language-js/print/index-signature.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c5dd374b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/index-signature.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import {
+  group,
+  ifBreak,
+  indent,
+  join,
+  softline,
+} from "../../document/index.js";
+import { shouldPrintComma } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { printClassMemberSemicolon } from "./class.js";
+import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
+
+function printIndexSignature(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  // The typescript parser accepts multiple parameters here. If you're
+  // using them, it makes sense to have a trailing comma. But if you
+  // aren't, this is more like a computed property name than an array.
+  // So we leave off the trailing comma when there's just one parameter.
+  const trailingComma =
+    node.parameters.length > 1
+      ? ifBreak(shouldPrintComma(options) ? "," : "")
+      : "";
+
+  const parametersGroup = group([
+    indent([softline, join([", ", softline], path.map(print, "parameters"))]),
+    trailingComma,
+    softline,
+  ]);
+
+  const isClassMember = path.key === "body" && path.parent.type === "ClassBody";
+
+  return [
+    // `static` only allowed in class member
+    isClassMember && node.static ? "static " : "",
+    node.readonly ? "readonly " : "",
+    "[",
+    node.parameters ? parametersGroup : "",
+    "]",
+    printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print),
+    printClassMemberSemicolon(path, options),
+  ];
+}
+
+export { printIndexSignature };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/index.js b/src/language-js/print/index.js
index 9532c9338..f2d53b9d8 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/index.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/index.js
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { group, indent, inheritLabel, line } from "../../document/index.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
-import pathNeedsParens from "../needs-parens.js";
-import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utils/index.js";
-import isIgnored from "../utils/is-ignored.js";
+import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
+import { shouldPrintLeadingSemicolon } from "../semicolon/semicolon.js";
+import { createTypeCheckFunction } from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isIgnored from "../utilities/is-ignored.js";
 import { printAngular } from "./angular.js";
 import { printDecorators } from "./decorators.js";
 import { printEstree } from "./estree.js";
 import { printFlow } from "./flow.js";
 import { printJsx } from "./jsx.js";
-import { shouldPrintLeadingSemicolon } from "./semicolon.js";
 import { printTypescript } from "./typescript.js";
 
 /**
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ function print(path, options, print, args) {
     return inheritLabel(doc, (doc) => group([decoratorsDoc, doc]));
   }
 
-  const needsParens = pathNeedsParens(path, options);
+  const needsParens = needsParentheses(path, options);
   const needsSemi = shouldPrintLeadingSemicolon(path, options);
 
   if (!decoratorsDoc && !needsParens && !needsSemi) {
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/indexed-access-type.js b/src/language-js/print/indexed-access-type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5037daea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/indexed-access-type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { printOptionalToken } from "./misc.js";
+
+/*
+- `TSIndexedAccessType`(TypeScript)
+- `IndexedAccessType`(flow)
+- `OptionalIndexedAccessType`(flow)
+*/
+function printIndexedAccessType(path, options, print) {
+  return [
+    print("objectType"),
+    printOptionalToken(path),
+    "[",
+    print("indexType"),
+    "]",
+  ];
+}
+
+export { printIndexedAccessType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/infer-type.js b/src/language-js/print/infer-type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efd00fd57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/infer-type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/*
+- `TSInferType`(TypeScript)
+- `InferTypeAnnotation`(flow)
+*/
+function printInferType(path, options, print) {
+  return ["infer ", print("typeParameter")];
+}
+
+export { printInferType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/intersection-type.js b/src/language-js/print/intersection-type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92626d989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/intersection-type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { group, indent, line } from "../../document/index.js";
+import { hasLeadingOwnLineComment, isObjectType } from "../utilities/index.js";
+
+// `TSIntersectionType` and `IntersectionTypeAnnotation`
+function printIntersectionType(path, options, print) {
+  let wasIndented = false;
+  return group(
+    path.map(({ isFirst, previous, node, index }) => {
+      const doc = print();
+      if (isFirst) {
+        return doc;
+      }
+
+      const currentIsObjectType = isObjectType(node);
+      const previousIsObjectType = isObjectType(previous);
+
+      // If both are objects, don't indent
+      if (previousIsObjectType && currentIsObjectType) {
+        return [" & ", wasIndented ? indent(doc) : doc];
+      }
+
+      if (
+        // If no object is involved, go to the next line if it breaks
+        (!previousIsObjectType && !currentIsObjectType) ||
+        hasLeadingOwnLineComment(options.originalText, node)
+      ) {
+        if (options.experimentalOperatorPosition === "start") {
+          return indent([line, "& ", doc]);
+        }
+        return indent([" &", line, doc]);
+      }
+
+      // If you go from object to non-object or vis-versa, then inline it
+      if (index > 1) {
+        wasIndented = true;
+      }
+
+      return [" & ", index > 1 ? indent(doc) : doc];
+    }, "types"),
+  );
+}
+
+export { printIntersectionType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/js-doc-type.js b/src/language-js/print/js-doc-type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e21c30e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/js-doc-type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
+
+// `TSJSDocNullableType`, `TSJSDocNonNullableType`
+function printJSDocType(path, print, token) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  return [
+    node.postfix ? "" : token,
+    printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print),
+    node.postfix ? token : "",
+  ];
+}
+
+export { printJSDocType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/jsx.js b/src/language-js/print/jsx.js
index 41d2065ed..b60e84ff8 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/jsx.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/jsx.js
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ import {
   printComments,
   printDanglingComments,
 } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import getPreferredQuote from "../../utils/get-preferred-quote.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
-import WhitespaceUtils from "../../utils/whitespace-utils.js";
-import pathNeedsParens from "../needs-parens.js";
-import getRaw from "../utils/get-raw.js";
+import getPreferredQuote from "../../utilities/get-preferred-quote.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import WhitespaceUtilities from "../../utilities/whitespace-utilities.js";
+import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
+import getRaw from "../utilities/get-raw.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   createTypeCheckFunction,
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import {
   isJsxElement,
   isObjectExpression,
   isStringLiteral,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /*
 Only the following are treated as whitespace inside JSX.
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Only the following are treated as whitespace inside JSX.
 - U+000D CR
 - U+0009 TAB
 */
-const jsxWhitespaceUtils = new WhitespaceUtils(" \n\r\t");
+const jsxWhitespace = new WhitespaceUtilities(" \n\r\t");
 
 const isEmptyStringOrAnyLine = (doc) =>
   doc === "" || doc === line || doc === hardline || doc === softline;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ function printJsxElementInternal(path, options, print) {
   const isMdxBlock = path.parent.rootMarker === "mdx";
 
   const rawJsxWhitespace = options.singleQuote ? "{' '}" : '{" "}';
-  const jsxWhitespace = isMdxBlock
+  const whitespace = isMdxBlock
     ? line
     : ifBreak([rawJsxWhitespace, softline], " ");
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ function printJsxElementInternal(path, options, print) {
     path,
     options,
     print,
-    jsxWhitespace,
+    whitespace,
     isFacebookTranslationTag,
   );
 
@@ -157,15 +157,15 @@ function printJsxElementInternal(path, options, print) {
     const isLineFollowedByJsxWhitespace =
       (children[i] === softline || children[i] === hardline) &&
       children[i + 1] === "" &&
-      children[i + 2] === jsxWhitespace;
+      children[i + 2] === whitespace;
     const isJsxWhitespaceFollowedByLine =
-      children[i] === jsxWhitespace &&
+      children[i] === whitespace &&
       children[i + 1] === "" &&
       (children[i + 2] === softline || children[i + 2] === hardline);
     const isDoubleJsxWhitespace =
-      children[i] === jsxWhitespace &&
+      children[i] === whitespace &&
       children[i + 1] === "" &&
-      children[i + 2] === jsxWhitespace;
+      children[i + 2] === whitespace;
     const isPairOfHardOrSoftLines =
       (children[i] === softline &&
         children[i + 1] === "" &&
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ function printJsxElementInternal(path, options, print) {
   for (const [i, child] of children.entries()) {
     // There are a number of situations where we need to ensure we display
     // whitespace as `{" "}` when outputting this element over multiple lines.
-    if (child === jsxWhitespace) {
+    if (child === whitespace) {
       if (i === 1 && isEmptyDoc(children[i - 1])) {
         if (children.length === 2) {
           // Solitary whitespace
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ function printJsxChildren(
   path,
   options,
   print,
-  jsxWhitespace,
+  whitespace,
   isFacebookTranslationTag,
 ) {
   /** @type {Doc} */
@@ -342,10 +342,7 @@ function printJsxChildren(
 
       // Contains a non-whitespace character
       if (isMeaningfulJsxText(node)) {
-        const words = jsxWhitespaceUtils.split(
-          text,
-          /* captureWhitespace */ true,
-        );
+        const words = jsxWhitespace.split(text, /* captureWhitespace */ true);
 
         // Starts with whitespace
         if (words[0] === "") {
@@ -360,7 +357,7 @@ function printJsxChildren(
               ),
             );
           } else {
-            pushLine(jsxWhitespace);
+            pushLine(whitespace);
           }
           words.shift();
         }
@@ -396,7 +393,7 @@ function printJsxChildren(
               ),
             );
           } else {
-            pushLine(jsxWhitespace);
+            pushLine(whitespace);
           }
         } else {
           pushLine(
@@ -415,7 +412,7 @@ function printJsxChildren(
           pushLine(hardline);
         }
       } else {
-        pushLine(jsxWhitespace);
+        pushLine(whitespace);
       }
     } else {
       const printedChild = print();
@@ -424,8 +421,8 @@ function printJsxChildren(
       const directlyFollowedByMeaningfulText =
         next && isMeaningfulJsxText(next);
       if (directlyFollowedByMeaningfulText) {
-        const trimmed = jsxWhitespaceUtils.trim(getRaw(next));
-        const [firstWord] = jsxWhitespaceUtils.split(trimmed);
+        const trimmed = jsxWhitespace.trim(getRaw(next));
+        const [firstWord] = jsxWhitespace.split(trimmed);
         pushLine(
           separatorNoWhitespace(
             isFacebookTranslationTag,
@@ -505,7 +502,7 @@ function maybeWrapJsxElementInParens(path, elem, options) {
   }
 
   const shouldBreak = shouldBreakJsxElement(path);
-  const needsParens = pathNeedsParens(path, options);
+  const needsParens = needsParentheses(path, options);
 
   return group(
     [
@@ -866,7 +863,7 @@ function isEmptyJsxElement(node) {
 function isMeaningfulJsxText(node) {
   return (
     node.type === "JSXText" &&
-    (jsxWhitespaceUtils.hasNonWhitespaceCharacter(getRaw(node)) ||
+    (jsxWhitespace.hasNonWhitespaceCharacter(getRaw(node)) ||
       !/\n/u.test(getRaw(node)))
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/literal.js b/src/language-js/print/literal.js
index da06fa30a..aa1549118 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/literal.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/literal.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { replaceEndOfLine } from "../../document/index.js";
-import printNumber from "../../utils/print-number.js";
-import printString from "../../utils/print-string.js";
+import printNumber from "../../utilities/print-number.js";
+import printString from "../../utilities/print-string.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Node} from "../types/estree.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/mapped-type.js b/src/language-js/print/mapped-type.js
index 2f3102ed1..5784272f4 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/mapped-type.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/mapped-type.js
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utils/has-newline-in-range.js";
+import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import { locStart } from "../loc.js";
-import getTextWithoutComments from "../utils/get-text-without-comments.js";
-import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utils/index.js";
+import getTextWithoutComments from "../utilities/get-text-without-comments.js";
+import { CommentCheckFlags, hasComment } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printClassMemberSemicolon } from "./class.js";
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/match.js b/src/language-js/print/match.js
index 12b42e91a..b97bbf443 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/match.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/match.js
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ import {
   printComments,
   printDanglingComments,
 } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import pathNeedsParens from "../needs-parens.js";
+import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   createTypeCheckFunction,
   hasComment,
   hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
   isNextLineEmpty,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /*
 - `MatchExpression` (Flow)
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ function printMatchOrPattern(path, options, print) {
 
   const code = [ifBreak(["| "]), join([line, "| "], printed)];
 
-  if (pathNeedsParens(path, options)) {
+  if (needsParentheses(path, options)) {
     return group([indent([ifBreak([softline]), code]), softline]);
   }
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/member-chain.js b/src/language-js/print/member-chain.js
index 8cf14979f..46dbc3fd4 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/member-chain.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/member-chain.js
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ import {
   willBreak,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex from "../../utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js";
-import isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex from "../../utils/is-next-line-empty.js";
+import getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex from "../../utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js";
+import isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex from "../../utilities/is-next-line-empty.js";
 import { locEnd } from "../loc.js";
-import pathNeedsParens from "../needs-parens.js";
+import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   hasComment,
@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ import {
   isNextLineEmpty,
   isNumericLiteral,
   isSimpleCallArgument,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { printBindExpressionCallee } from "./bind-expression.js";
 import printCallArguments from "./call-arguments.js";
 import { printMemberLookup } from "./member.js";
-import { printBindExpressionCallee, printOptionalToken } from "./misc.js";
+import { printOptionalToken } from "./misc.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ function printMemberChain(path, options, print) {
     } else if (isMemberish(node)) {
       printedNodes.unshift({
         node,
-        needsParens: pathNeedsParens(path, options),
+        needsParens: needsParentheses(path, options),
         printed: printComments(
           path,
           isMemberExpression(node)
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/member.js b/src/language-js/print/member.js
index 52456d7bd..3fbcfa3c0 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/member.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/member.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   isCallExpression,
   isMemberExpression,
   isNumericLiteral,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printOptionalToken } from "./misc.js";
 
 const isCallExpressionWithArguments = (node) => {
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/method-signature.js b/src/language-js/print/method-signature.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3db90cb70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/method-signature.js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { group } from "../../document/index.js";
+import { printClassMemberSemicolon } from "./class.js";
+import {
+  printFunctionParameters,
+  shouldGroupFunctionParameters,
+} from "./function-parameters.js";
+import {
+  printOptionalToken,
+  printTypeScriptAccessibilityToken,
+} from "./misc.js";
+import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
+
+function printMethodSignature(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  const parts = [];
+  const kind = node.kind && node.kind !== "method" ? `${node.kind} ` : "";
+  parts.push(
+    printTypeScriptAccessibilityToken(node),
+    kind,
+    node.computed ? "[" : "",
+    print("key"),
+    node.computed ? "]" : "",
+    printOptionalToken(path),
+  );
+
+  const parametersDoc = printFunctionParameters(
+    path,
+    options,
+    print,
+    /* shouldExpandArgument */ false,
+    /* shouldPrintTypeParameters */ true,
+  );
+
+  const returnTypeDoc = printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print, "returnType");
+  const shouldGroupParameters = shouldGroupFunctionParameters(
+    node,
+    returnTypeDoc,
+  );
+
+  parts.push(shouldGroupParameters ? group(parametersDoc) : parametersDoc);
+
+  if (node.returnType) {
+    parts.push(group(returnTypeDoc));
+  }
+
+  return [group(parts), printClassMemberSemicolon(path, options)];
+}
+
+export { printMethodSignature };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/misc.js b/src/language-js/print/misc.js
index bad1485a1..d3635dbc4 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/misc.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/misc.js
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ import {
   hasComment,
   isCallExpression,
   isMemberExpression,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
-import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /**
  * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
@@ -98,10 +97,6 @@ function printAbstractToken({ node }) {
   return node.abstract || isTsAbstractNode(node) ? "abstract " : "";
 }
 
-function printBindExpressionCallee(path, options, print) {
-  return ["::", print("callee")];
-}
-
 function adjustClause(node, clause, forceSpace) {
   if (node.type === "EmptyStatement") {
     return hasComment(node, CommentCheckFlags.Leading) ? [" ", clause] : clause;
@@ -114,10 +109,6 @@ function adjustClause(node, clause, forceSpace) {
   return indent([line, clause]);
 }
 
-function printRestSpread(path, print) {
-  return ["...", print("argument"), printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print)];
-}
-
 function printTypeScriptAccessibilityToken(node) {
   return node.accessibility ? node.accessibility + " " : "";
 }
@@ -125,10 +116,8 @@ function printTypeScriptAccessibilityToken(node) {
 export {
   adjustClause,
   printAbstractToken,
-  printBindExpressionCallee,
   printDeclareToken,
   printDefiniteToken,
   printOptionalToken,
-  printRestSpread,
   printTypeScriptAccessibilityToken,
 };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/module-declaration.js b/src/language-js/print/module-declaration.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ad87fc27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/module-declaration.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { group } from "../../document/index.js";
+import { printDeclareToken } from "./misc.js";
+
+function printModuleDeclaration(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+
+  return [
+    printDeclareToken(path),
+    node.kind === "global" ? "" : `${node.kind} `,
+    print("id"),
+    node.body ? [" ", group(print("body"))] : options.semi ? ";" : "",
+  ];
+}
+
+export { printModuleDeclaration };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/module.js b/src/language-js/print/module.js
index e1bcf1386..ee4dbc6e7 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/module.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/module.js
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 import { hasSameLoc, locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
-import getRaw from "../utils/get-raw.js";
-import getTextWithoutComments from "../utils/get-text-without-comments.js";
+import getRaw from "../utilities/get-raw.js";
+import getTextWithoutComments from "../utilities/get-text-without-comments.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   createTypeCheckFunction,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import {
   isStringLiteral,
   needsHardlineAfterDanglingComment,
   shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printDecoratorsBeforeExport } from "./decorators.js";
 import { printDeclareToken } from "./misc.js";
 import { printObject } from "./object.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/object.js b/src/language-js/print/object.js
index c859dfb20..38ca29de2 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/object.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/object.js
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utils/has-newline-in-range.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
-import getTextWithoutComments from "../utils/get-text-without-comments.js";
+import getTextWithoutComments from "../utilities/get-text-without-comments.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   createTypeCheckFunction,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import {
   isNextLineEmpty,
   isObjectType,
   shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { shouldHugTheOnlyParameter } from "./function-parameters.js";
 import { printOptionalToken } from "./misc.js";
 import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/opaque-type.js b/src/language-js/print/opaque-type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a756447a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/opaque-type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { group, indent, line } from "../../document/index.js";
+import { printDeclareToken } from "./misc.js";
+
+/*
+- `DeclareOpaqueType`(flow)
+- `OpaqueType`(flow)
+*/
+function printOpaqueType(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  const parts = [
+    printDeclareToken(path),
+    "opaque type ",
+    print("id"),
+    print("typeParameters"),
+  ];
+
+  if (node.supertype) {
+    parts.push(": ", print("supertype"));
+  }
+
+  if (node.lowerBound || node.upperBound) {
+    const lowerAndUpperBoundParts = [];
+    if (node.lowerBound) {
+      lowerAndUpperBoundParts.push(
+        indent([line, "super ", print("lowerBound")]),
+      );
+    }
+    if (node.upperBound) {
+      lowerAndUpperBoundParts.push(
+        indent([line, "extends ", print("upperBound")]),
+      );
+    }
+    parts.push(group(lowerAndUpperBoundParts));
+  }
+
+  if (node.impltype) {
+    parts.push(" = ", print("impltype"));
+  }
+
+  parts.push(options.semi ? ";" : "");
+
+  return parts;
+}
+
+export { printOpaqueType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/property.js b/src/language-js/print/property.js
index 1d1898330..a1a68ac42 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/property.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/property.js
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import isEs5IdentifierName from "is-es5-identifier-name";
 import { printComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import printNumber from "../../utils/print-number.js";
-import printString from "../../utils/print-string.js";
-import getRaw from "../utils/get-raw.js";
-import { isNumericLiteral, isStringLiteral } from "../utils/index.js";
+import printNumber from "../../utilities/print-number.js";
+import printString from "../../utilities/print-string.js";
+import getRaw from "../utilities/get-raw.js";
+import { isNumericLiteral, isStringLiteral } from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { printAssignment } from "./assignment.js";
 
 const needsQuoteProps = new WeakMap();
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/rest-element.js b/src/language-js/print/rest-element.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84899f932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/rest-element.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
+
+function printRestOrSpreadElement(path, print) {
+  return ["...", print("argument"), printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print)];
+}
+
+export {
+  printRestOrSpreadElement as printRestElement,
+  printRestOrSpreadElement as printSpreadElement,
+};
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/rest-type.js b/src/language-js/print/rest-type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0cc1b48a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/rest-type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/*
+- `TSRestType`(TypeScript)
+- `TupleTypeSpreadElement`(flow)
+*/
+function printRestType(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+
+  return [
+    "...",
+    ...(node.type === "TupleTypeSpreadElement" && node.label
+      ? [print("label"), ": "]
+      : []),
+    print("typeAnnotation"),
+  ];
+}
+
+export { printRestType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/statement.js b/src/language-js/print/statement.js
index 2107fce90..80331cf35 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/statement.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/statement.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { hardline } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { isNextLineEmpty } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { isNextLineEmpty } from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js b/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js
index 05566ef3b..d6e483dba 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/template-literal.js
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ import {
   printDocToString,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import getIndentSize from "../../utils/get-indent-size.js";
-import getStringWidth from "../../utils/get-string-width.js";
-import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utils/has-newline-in-range.js";
+import getIndentSize from "../../utilities/get-indent-size.js";
+import getStringWidth from "../../utilities/get-string-width.js";
+import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import {
   isBinaryCastExpression,
   isBinaryish,
   isMemberExpression,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/ternary-old.js b/src/language-js/print/ternary-old.js
index 2d9202dc2..e5bb4464d 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/ternary-old.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/ternary-old.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
   isCallExpression,
   isJsxElement,
   isMemberExpression,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/ternary.js b/src/language-js/print/ternary.js
index 941aa494c..b6ee65f51 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/ternary.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/ternary.js
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import {
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDanglingComments } from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utils/has-newline-in-range.js";
+import hasNewlineInRange from "../../utilities/has-newline-in-range.js";
 import { locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
-import pathNeedsParens from "../needs-parens.js";
+import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
   getComments,
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ import {
   isLoneShortArgument,
   isMemberExpression,
   isSimpleExpressionByNodeCount,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
-import isBlockComment from "../utils/is-block-comment.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import isBlockComment from "../utilities/is-block-comment.js";
 import { printTernaryOld } from "./ternary-old.js";
 
 /**
@@ -221,7 +221,8 @@ function printTernary(path, options, print, args) {
 
   const shouldExtraIndent = shouldExtraIndentForConditionalExpression(path);
   const breakClosingParen = shouldBreakClosingParen(node, parent);
-  const breakTSClosingParen = isTSConditional && pathNeedsParens(path, options);
+  const breakTSClosingParen =
+    isTSConditional && needsParentheses(path, options);
 
   const fillTab = !isBigTabs
     ? ""
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/tuple.js b/src/language-js/print/tuple.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db94a7dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/tuple.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/*
+- `TSNamedTupleMember`(TypeScript)
+- `TupleTypeLabeledElement`(flow)
+*/
+function printNamedTupleMember(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+
+  return [
+    // `TupleTypeLabeledElement` only
+    node.variance ? print("variance") : "",
+    print("label"),
+    node.optional ? "?" : "",
+    ": ",
+    print("elementType"),
+  ];
+}
+
+export { printNamedTupleMember };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-alias.js b/src/language-js/print/type-alias.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ecdfbd36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-alias.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { printAssignment } from "./assignment.js";
+import { printDeclareToken } from "./misc.js";
+
+/*
+- `DeclareTypeAlias`(flow)
+- `TypeAlias`(flow)
+- `TSTypeAliasDeclaration`(TypeScript)
+*/
+function printTypeAlias(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  const parts = [
+    printDeclareToken(path),
+    "type ",
+    print("id"),
+    print("typeParameters"),
+  ];
+
+  const rightPropertyName =
+    node.type === "TSTypeAliasDeclaration" ? "typeAnnotation" : "right";
+  return [
+    printAssignment(path, options, print, parts, " =", rightPropertyName),
+    options.semi ? ";" : "",
+  ];
+}
+
+export { printTypeAlias };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js b/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
index 1f9eed093..d56a4e7f2 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-annotation.js
@@ -1,75 +1,16 @@
-import {
-  align,
-  group,
-  ifBreak,
-  indent,
-  join,
-  line,
-  softline,
-} from "../../document/index.js";
-import {
-  printComments,
-  printCommentsSeparately,
-} from "../../main/comments/print.js";
-import { hasSameLocStart } from "../loc.js";
-import pathNeedsParens from "../needs-parens.js";
 import {
   CommentCheckFlags,
-  createTypeCheckFunction,
   hasComment,
-  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
-  isConditionalType,
-  isFlowObjectTypePropertyAFunction,
   isObjectType,
   isSimpleType,
-  isTypeAlias,
   isUnionType,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
-import { printAssignment } from "./assignment.js";
-import { printClassMemberSemicolon } from "./class.js";
-import {
-  printFunctionParameters,
-  shouldGroupFunctionParameters,
-} from "./function-parameters.js";
-import {
-  printAbstractToken,
-  printDeclareToken,
-  printOptionalToken,
-} from "./misc.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
+import { shouldHugUnionType } from "./union-type.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../../document/index.js"
  */
 
-const isVoidType = createTypeCheckFunction([
-  "VoidTypeAnnotation",
-  "TSVoidKeyword",
-  "NullLiteralTypeAnnotation",
-  "TSNullKeyword",
-]);
-
-const isObjectLikeType = createTypeCheckFunction([
-  "ObjectTypeAnnotation",
-  "TSTypeLiteral",
-  // This is a bit aggressive but captures Array<{x}>
-  "GenericTypeAnnotation",
-  "TSTypeReference",
-]);
-
-function shouldHugUnionType(node) {
-  const { types } = node;
-  if (types.some((node) => hasComment(node))) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const objectType = types.find((node) => isObjectLikeType(node));
-  if (!objectType) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return types.every((node) => node === objectType || isVoidType(node));
-}
-
 function shouldHugType(node) {
   if (isSimpleType(node) || isObjectType(node)) {
     return true;
@@ -82,353 +23,6 @@ function shouldHugType(node) {
   return false;
 }
 
-/*
-- `DeclareOpaqueType`(flow)
-- `OpaqueType`(flow)
-*/
-function printOpaqueType(path, options, print) {
-  const { node } = path;
-  const parts = [
-    printDeclareToken(path),
-    "opaque type ",
-    print("id"),
-    print("typeParameters"),
-  ];
-
-  if (node.supertype) {
-    parts.push(": ", print("supertype"));
-  }
-
-  if (node.lowerBound || node.upperBound) {
-    const lowerAndUpperBoundParts = [];
-    if (node.lowerBound) {
-      lowerAndUpperBoundParts.push(
-        indent([line, "super ", print("lowerBound")]),
-      );
-    }
-    if (node.upperBound) {
-      lowerAndUpperBoundParts.push(
-        indent([line, "extends ", print("upperBound")]),
-      );
-    }
-    parts.push(group(lowerAndUpperBoundParts));
-  }
-
-  if (node.impltype) {
-    parts.push(" = ", print("impltype"));
-  }
-
-  parts.push(options.semi ? ";" : "");
-
-  return parts;
-}
-
-/*
-- `DeclareTypeAlias`(flow)
-- `TypeAlias`(flow)
-- `TSTypeAliasDeclaration`(TypeScript)
-*/
-function printTypeAlias(path, options, print) {
-  const { node } = path;
-  const parts = [
-    printDeclareToken(path),
-    "type ",
-    print("id"),
-    print("typeParameters"),
-  ];
-
-  const rightPropertyName =
-    node.type === "TSTypeAliasDeclaration" ? "typeAnnotation" : "right";
-  return [
-    printAssignment(path, options, print, parts, " =", rightPropertyName),
-    options.semi ? ";" : "",
-  ];
-}
-
-// `TSIntersectionType` and `IntersectionTypeAnnotation`
-function printIntersectionType(path, options, print) {
-  let wasIndented = false;
-  return group(
-    path.map(({ isFirst, previous, node, index }) => {
-      const doc = print();
-      if (isFirst) {
-        return doc;
-      }
-
-      const currentIsObjectType = isObjectType(node);
-      const previousIsObjectType = isObjectType(previous);
-
-      // If both are objects, don't indent
-      if (previousIsObjectType && currentIsObjectType) {
-        return [" & ", wasIndented ? indent(doc) : doc];
-      }
-
-      if (
-        // If no object is involved, go to the next line if it breaks
-        (!previousIsObjectType && !currentIsObjectType) ||
-        hasLeadingOwnLineComment(options.originalText, node)
-      ) {
-        if (options.experimentalOperatorPosition === "start") {
-          return indent([line, "& ", doc]);
-        }
-        return indent([" &", line, doc]);
-      }
-
-      // If you go from object to non-object or vis-versa, then inline it
-      if (index > 1) {
-        wasIndented = true;
-      }
-
-      return [" & ", index > 1 ? indent(doc) : doc];
-    }, "types"),
-  );
-}
-
-// `TSUnionType` and `UnionTypeAnnotation`
-function printUnionType(path, options, print) {
-  const { node } = path;
-  // single-line variation
-  // A | B | C
-
-  // multi-line variation
-  // | A
-  // | B
-  // | C
-
-  const { parent } = path;
-
-  // If there's a leading comment, the parent is doing the indentation
-  const shouldIndent =
-    parent.type !== "TypeParameterInstantiation" &&
-    (!isConditionalType(parent) || !options.experimentalTernaries) &&
-    parent.type !== "TSTypeParameterInstantiation" &&
-    parent.type !== "GenericTypeAnnotation" &&
-    parent.type !== "TSTypeReference" &&
-    parent.type !== "TSTypeAssertion" &&
-    parent.type !== "TupleTypeAnnotation" &&
-    parent.type !== "TSTupleType" &&
-    !(
-      parent.type === "FunctionTypeParam" &&
-      !parent.name &&
-      path.grandparent.this !== parent
-    ) &&
-    !(
-      (isTypeAlias(parent) || parent.type === "VariableDeclarator") &&
-      hasLeadingOwnLineComment(options.originalText, node)
-    ) &&
-    !(
-      isTypeAlias(parent) &&
-      hasComment(parent.id, CommentCheckFlags.Trailing | CommentCheckFlags.Line)
-    );
-
-  // {
-  //   a: string
-  // } | null | void
-  // should be inlined and not be printed in the multi-line variant
-  const shouldHug = shouldHugType(node);
-
-  // We want to align the children but without its comment, so it looks like
-  // | child1
-  // // comment
-  // | child2
-  const printed = path.map(() => {
-    let printedType = print();
-    if (!shouldHug) {
-      printedType = align(2, printedType);
-    }
-
-    return printComments(path, printedType, options);
-  }, "types");
-
-  const { leading, trailing } = printCommentsSeparately(path, options);
-
-  if (shouldHug) {
-    return [leading, join(" | ", printed), trailing];
-  }
-
-  const shouldAddStartLine =
-    shouldIndent && !hasLeadingOwnLineComment(options.originalText, node);
-
-  const mainParts = [
-    ifBreak([shouldAddStartLine ? line : "", "| "]),
-    join([line, "| "], printed),
-  ];
-
-  if (pathNeedsParens(path, options)) {
-    return [leading, group([indent(mainParts), softline]), trailing];
-  }
-
-  const parts = [leading, group(mainParts)];
-
-  if (parent.type === "TupleTypeAnnotation" || parent.type === "TSTupleType") {
-    const elementTypes =
-      parent[
-        // TODO: Remove `types` when babel changes AST of `TupleTypeAnnotation`
-        parent.type === "TupleTypeAnnotation" && parent.types
-          ? "types"
-          : "elementTypes"
-      ];
-
-    if (elementTypes.length > 1) {
-      return [
-        group([
-          indent([ifBreak(["(", softline]), parts]),
-          softline,
-          ifBreak(")"),
-        ]),
-        trailing,
-      ];
-    }
-  }
-
-  return [group(shouldIndent ? indent(parts) : parts), trailing];
-}
-
-/*
-`FunctionTypeAnnotation` is ambiguous:
-- `declare function foo(a: B): void;`
-- `var A: (a: B) => void;`
-*/
-function isFlowArrowFunctionTypeAnnotation(path) {
-  const { node, parent } = path;
-  return (
-    node.type === "FunctionTypeAnnotation" &&
-    (isFlowObjectTypePropertyAFunction(parent) ||
-      !(
-        ((parent.type === "ObjectTypeProperty" ||
-          parent.type === "ObjectTypeInternalSlot") &&
-          !parent.variance &&
-          !parent.optional &&
-          hasSameLocStart(parent, node)) ||
-        parent.type === "ObjectTypeCallProperty" ||
-        path.getParentNode(2)?.type === "DeclareFunction"
-      ))
-  );
-}
-
-/*
-- `TSFunctionType` (TypeScript)
-- `TSCallSignatureDeclaration` (TypeScript)
-- `TSConstructorType` (TypeScript)
-- `TSConstructSignatureDeclaration` (TypeScript)
-- `FunctionTypeAnnotation` (Flow)
-*/
-function printFunctionType(path, options, print) {
-  const { node } = path;
-  /** @type {Doc[]} */
-  const parts = [
-    // `TSConstructorType` only
-    printAbstractToken(path),
-  ];
-
-  if (
-    node.type === "TSConstructorType" ||
-    node.type === "TSConstructSignatureDeclaration"
-  ) {
-    parts.push("new ");
-  }
-
-  let parametersDoc = printFunctionParameters(
-    path,
-    options,
-    print,
-    /* shouldExpandArgument */ false,
-    /* shouldPrintTypeParameters */ true,
-  );
-
-  const returnTypeDoc = [];
-  // `flow` doesn't wrap the `returnType` with `TypeAnnotation`, so the colon
-  // needs to be added separately.
-  if (node.type === "FunctionTypeAnnotation") {
-    returnTypeDoc.push(
-      isFlowArrowFunctionTypeAnnotation(path) ? " => " : ": ",
-      print("returnType"),
-    );
-  } else {
-    returnTypeDoc.push(printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print, "returnType"));
-  }
-
-  if (shouldGroupFunctionParameters(node, returnTypeDoc)) {
-    parametersDoc = group(parametersDoc);
-  }
-
-  parts.push(parametersDoc, returnTypeDoc);
-
-  return [
-    group(parts),
-    node.type === "TSConstructSignatureDeclaration" ||
-    node.type === "TSCallSignatureDeclaration"
-      ? printClassMemberSemicolon(path, options)
-      : "",
-  ];
-}
-
-/*
-- `TSIndexedAccessType`(TypeScript)
-- `IndexedAccessType`(flow)
-- `OptionalIndexedAccessType`(flow)
-*/
-function printIndexedAccessType(path, options, print) {
-  return [
-    print("objectType"),
-    printOptionalToken(path),
-    "[",
-    print("indexType"),
-    "]",
-  ];
-}
-
-/*
-- `TSInferType`(TypeScript)
-- `InferTypeAnnotation`(flow)
-*/
-function printInferType(path, options, print) {
-  return ["infer ", print("typeParameter")];
-}
-
-// `TSJSDocNullableType`, `TSJSDocNonNullableType`
-function printJSDocType(path, print, token) {
-  const { node } = path;
-  return [
-    node.postfix ? "" : token,
-    printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print),
-    node.postfix ? token : "",
-  ];
-}
-
-/*
-- `TSRestType`(TypeScript)
-- `TupleTypeSpreadElement`(flow)
-*/
-function printRestType(path, options, print) {
-  const { node } = path;
-
-  return [
-    "...",
-    ...(node.type === "TupleTypeSpreadElement" && node.label
-      ? [print("label"), ": "]
-      : []),
-    print("typeAnnotation"),
-  ];
-}
-
-/*
-- `TSNamedTupleMember`(TypeScript)
-- `TupleTypeLabeledElement`(flow)
-*/
-function printNamedTupleMember(path, options, print) {
-  const { node } = path;
-
-  return [
-    // `TupleTypeLabeledElement` only
-    node.variance ? print("variance") : "",
-    print("label"),
-    node.optional ? "?" : "",
-    ": ",
-    print("elementType"),
-  ];
-}
-
 /*
 Normally the `(TS)TypeAnnotation` node starts with `:` token.
 If we print `:` in parent node, `cursorNodeDiff` in `/src/main/core.js` will consider `:` is removed, cause cursor moves, see #12491.
@@ -570,60 +164,4 @@ function printTypeAnnotation(path, options, print) {
     : print("typeAnnotation");
 }
 
-/*
-- `TSArrayType`
-- `ArrayTypeAnnotation`
-*/
-function printArrayType(print) {
-  return [print("elementType"), "[]"];
-}
-
-/*
-- `TSTypeQuery` (TypeScript)
-- `TypeofTypeAnnotation` (flow)
-*/
-function printTypeQuery({ node }, print) {
-  const argumentPropertyName =
-    node.type === "TSTypeQuery" ? "exprName" : "argument";
-  return ["typeof ", print(argumentPropertyName), print("typeArguments")];
-}
-
-/*
-- `TSTypePredicate` (TypeScript)
-- `TypePredicate` (flow)
-*/
-function printTypePredicate(path, print) {
-  const { node } = path;
-  const prefix =
-    node.type === "TSTypePredicate" && node.asserts
-      ? "asserts "
-      : node.type === "TypePredicate" && node.kind
-        ? `${node.kind} `
-        : "";
-  return [
-    prefix,
-    print("parameterName"),
-    node.typeAnnotation
-      ? [" is ", printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print)]
-      : "",
-  ];
-}
-
-export {
-  printArrayType,
-  printFunctionType,
-  printIndexedAccessType,
-  printInferType,
-  printIntersectionType,
-  printJSDocType,
-  printNamedTupleMember,
-  printOpaqueType,
-  printRestType,
-  printTypeAlias,
-  printTypeAnnotation,
-  printTypeAnnotationProperty,
-  printTypePredicate,
-  printTypeQuery,
-  printUnionType,
-  shouldHugType,
-};
+export { printTypeAnnotation, printTypeAnnotationProperty, shouldHugType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-assertion.js b/src/language-js/print/type-assertion.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7c09b87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-assertion.js
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import {
+  conditionalGroup,
+  group,
+  ifBreak,
+  indent,
+  softline,
+} from "../../document/index.js";
+import { isArrayExpression, isObjectExpression } from "../utilities/index.js";
+
+function printTypeAssertion(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  const shouldBreakAfterCast = !(
+    isArrayExpression(node.expression) || isObjectExpression(node.expression)
+  );
+
+  const castGroup = group([
+    "<",
+    indent([softline, print("typeAnnotation")]),
+    softline,
+    ">",
+  ]);
+
+  const exprContents = [
+    ifBreak("("),
+    indent([softline, print("expression")]),
+    softline,
+    ifBreak(")"),
+  ];
+
+  if (shouldBreakAfterCast) {
+    return conditionalGroup([
+      [castGroup, print("expression")],
+      [castGroup, group(exprContents, { shouldBreak: true })],
+      [castGroup, print("expression")],
+    ]);
+  }
+  return group([castGroup, print("expression")]);
+}
+
+export { printTypeAssertion };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-parameters.js b/src/language-js/print/type-parameters.js
index cf55297be..19a8aa0fd 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/type-parameters.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-parameters.js
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
   isObjectType,
   isTestCall,
   shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 import { isArrowFunctionVariableDeclarator } from "./assignment.js";
 import {
   printTypeAnnotationProperty,
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-predicate.js b/src/language-js/print/type-predicate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d58cbf506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-predicate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { printTypeAnnotationProperty } from "./type-annotation.js";
+
+/*
+- `TSTypePredicate` (TypeScript)
+- `TypePredicate` (flow)
+*/
+function printTypePredicate(path, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  const prefix =
+    node.type === "TSTypePredicate" && node.asserts
+      ? "asserts "
+      : node.type === "TypePredicate" && node.kind
+        ? `${node.kind} `
+        : "";
+  return [
+    prefix,
+    print("parameterName"),
+    node.typeAnnotation
+      ? [" is ", printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print)]
+      : "",
+  ];
+}
+
+export { printTypePredicate };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/type-query.js b/src/language-js/print/type-query.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95b9e80b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/type-query.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/*
+- `TSTypeQuery` (TypeScript)
+- `TypeofTypeAnnotation` (flow)
+*/
+function printTypeQuery({ node }, print) {
+  const argumentPropertyName =
+    node.type === "TSTypeQuery" ? "exprName" : "argument";
+  return ["typeof ", print(argumentPropertyName), print("typeArguments")];
+}
+
+export { printTypeQuery };
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/typescript.js b/src/language-js/print/typescript.js
index 34ac271cd..b1135d2f8 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/typescript.js
+++ b/src/language-js/print/typescript.js
@@ -1,19 +1,7 @@
-import {
-  conditionalGroup,
-  group,
-  ifBreak,
-  indent,
-  join,
-  softline,
-} from "../../document/index.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
-import {
-  isArrayExpression,
-  isObjectExpression,
-  shouldPrintComma,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
-import isTsKeywordType from "../utils/is-ts-keyword-type.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import isTsKeywordType from "../utilities/is-ts-keyword-type.js";
 import { printArray } from "./array.js";
+import { printArrayType } from "./array-type.js";
 import { printBlock } from "./block.js";
 import { printCallExpression } from "./call-expression.js";
 import { printBinaryCastExpression } from "./cast-expression.js";
@@ -30,37 +18,35 @@ import {
   printEnumMember,
 } from "./enum.js";
 import { printFunction, printMethodValue } from "./function.js";
-import {
-  printFunctionParameters,
-  shouldGroupFunctionParameters,
-} from "./function-parameters.js";
+import { printFunctionType } from "./function-type.js";
+import { printIndexSignature } from "./index-signature.js";
+import { printIndexedAccessType } from "./indexed-access-type.js";
+import { printInferType } from "./infer-type.js";
+import { printIntersectionType } from "./intersection-type.js";
+import { printJSDocType } from "./js-doc-type.js";
 import { printTypeScriptMappedType } from "./mapped-type.js";
+import { printMethodSignature } from "./method-signature.js";
 import {
-  printDeclareToken,
   printOptionalToken,
   printTypeScriptAccessibilityToken,
 } from "./misc.js";
 import { printImportKind } from "./module.js";
+import { printModuleDeclaration } from "./module-declaration.js";
 import { printPropertyKey } from "./property.js";
+import { printRestType } from "./rest-type.js";
 import { printTemplateLiteral } from "./template-literal.js";
 import { printTernary } from "./ternary.js";
+import { printNamedTupleMember } from "./tuple.js";
+import { printTypeAlias } from "./type-alias.js";
 import {
-  printArrayType,
-  printFunctionType,
-  printIndexedAccessType,
-  printInferType,
-  printIntersectionType,
-  printJSDocType,
-  printNamedTupleMember,
-  printRestType,
-  printTypeAlias,
   printTypeAnnotation,
   printTypeAnnotationProperty,
-  printTypePredicate,
-  printTypeQuery,
-  printUnionType,
 } from "./type-annotation.js";
+import { printTypeAssertion } from "./type-assertion.js";
 import { printTypeParameter, printTypeParameters } from "./type-parameters.js";
+import { printTypePredicate } from "./type-predicate.js";
+import { printTypeQuery } from "./type-query.js";
+import { printUnionType } from "./union-type.js";
 
 function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
@@ -78,35 +64,9 @@ function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
   switch (node.type) {
     case "TSThisType":
       return "this";
-    case "TSTypeAssertion": {
-      const shouldBreakAfterCast = !(
-        isArrayExpression(node.expression) ||
-        isObjectExpression(node.expression)
-      );
+    case "TSTypeAssertion":
+      return printTypeAssertion(path, options, print);
 
-      const castGroup = group([
-        "<",
-        indent([softline, print("typeAnnotation")]),
-        softline,
-        ">",
-      ]);
-
-      const exprContents = [
-        ifBreak("("),
-        indent([softline, print("expression")]),
-        softline,
-        ifBreak(")"),
-      ];
-
-      if (shouldBreakAfterCast) {
-        return conditionalGroup([
-          [castGroup, print("expression")],
-          [castGroup, group(exprContents, { shouldBreak: true })],
-          [castGroup, print("expression")],
-        ]);
-      }
-      return group([castGroup, print("expression")]);
-    }
     case "TSDeclareFunction":
       return printFunction(path, options, print);
     case "TSExportAssignment":
@@ -171,39 +131,9 @@ function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
 
     case "TSTypeQuery":
       return printTypeQuery(path, print);
-    case "TSIndexSignature": {
-      // The typescript parser accepts multiple parameters here. If you're
-      // using them, it makes sense to have a trailing comma. But if you
-      // aren't, this is more like a computed property name than an array.
-      // So we leave off the trailing comma when there's just one parameter.
-      const trailingComma =
-        node.parameters.length > 1
-          ? ifBreak(shouldPrintComma(options) ? "," : "")
-          : "";
+    case "TSIndexSignature":
+      return printIndexSignature(path, options, print);
 
-      const parametersGroup = group([
-        indent([
-          softline,
-          join([", ", softline], path.map(print, "parameters")),
-        ]),
-        trailingComma,
-        softline,
-      ]);
-
-      const isClassMember =
-        path.key === "body" && path.parent.type === "ClassBody";
-
-      return [
-        // `static` only allowed in class member
-        isClassMember && node.static ? "static " : "",
-        node.readonly ? "readonly " : "",
-        "[",
-        node.parameters ? parametersGroup : "",
-        "]",
-        printTypeAnnotationProperty(path, print),
-        printClassMemberSemicolon(path, options),
-      ];
-    }
     case "TSTypePredicate":
       return printTypePredicate(path, print);
     case "TSNonNullExpression":
@@ -225,44 +155,9 @@ function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
     case "TSMappedType":
       return printTypeScriptMappedType(path, options, print);
 
-    case "TSMethodSignature": {
-      const parts = [];
-      const kind = node.kind && node.kind !== "method" ? `${node.kind} ` : "";
-      parts.push(
-        printTypeScriptAccessibilityToken(node),
-        kind,
-        node.computed ? "[" : "",
-        print("key"),
-        node.computed ? "]" : "",
-        printOptionalToken(path),
-      );
+    case "TSMethodSignature":
+      return printMethodSignature(path, options, print);
 
-      const parametersDoc = printFunctionParameters(
-        path,
-        options,
-        print,
-        /* shouldExpandArgument */ false,
-        /* shouldPrintTypeParameters */ true,
-      );
-
-      const returnTypeDoc = printTypeAnnotationProperty(
-        path,
-        print,
-        "returnType",
-      );
-      const shouldGroupParameters = shouldGroupFunctionParameters(
-        node,
-        returnTypeDoc,
-      );
-
-      parts.push(shouldGroupParameters ? group(parametersDoc) : parametersDoc);
-
-      if (node.returnType) {
-        parts.push(group(returnTypeDoc));
-      }
-
-      return [group(parts), printClassMemberSemicolon(path, options)];
-    }
     case "TSNamespaceExportDeclaration":
       return ["export as namespace ", print("id"), options.semi ? ";" : ""];
     case "TSEnumDeclaration":
@@ -284,12 +179,7 @@ function printTypescript(path, options, print) {
     case "TSExternalModuleReference":
       return printCallExpression(path, options, print);
     case "TSModuleDeclaration":
-      return [
-        printDeclareToken(path),
-        node.kind === "global" ? "" : `${node.kind} `,
-        print("id"),
-        node.body ? [" ", group(print("body"))] : options.semi ? ";" : "",
-      ];
+      return printModuleDeclaration(path, options, print);
 
     case "TSConditionalType":
       return printTernary(path, options, print);
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/union-type.js b/src/language-js/print/union-type.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea9499809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/language-js/print/union-type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import {
+  align,
+  group,
+  ifBreak,
+  indent,
+  join,
+  line,
+  softline,
+} from "../../document/index.js";
+import {
+  printComments,
+  printCommentsSeparately,
+} from "../../main/comments/print.js";
+import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
+import {
+  CommentCheckFlags,
+  createTypeCheckFunction,
+  hasComment,
+  hasLeadingOwnLineComment,
+  isConditionalType,
+  isTypeAlias,
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
+
+// `TSUnionType` and `UnionTypeAnnotation`
+function printUnionType(path, options, print) {
+  const { node } = path;
+  // single-line variation
+  // A | B | C
+
+  // multi-line variation
+  // | A
+  // | B
+  // | C
+
+  const { parent } = path;
+
+  // If there's a leading comment, the parent is doing the indentation
+  const shouldIndent =
+    parent.type !== "TypeParameterInstantiation" &&
+    (!isConditionalType(parent) || !options.experimentalTernaries) &&
+    parent.type !== "TSTypeParameterInstantiation" &&
+    parent.type !== "GenericTypeAnnotation" &&
+    parent.type !== "TSTypeReference" &&
+    parent.type !== "TSTypeAssertion" &&
+    parent.type !== "TupleTypeAnnotation" &&
+    parent.type !== "TSTupleType" &&
+    !(
+      parent.type === "FunctionTypeParam" &&
+      !parent.name &&
+      path.grandparent.this !== parent
+    ) &&
+    !(
+      (isTypeAlias(parent) || parent.type === "VariableDeclarator") &&
+      hasLeadingOwnLineComment(options.originalText, node)
+    ) &&
+    !(
+      isTypeAlias(parent) &&
+      hasComment(parent.id, CommentCheckFlags.Trailing | CommentCheckFlags.Line)
+    );
+
+  // {
+  //   a: string
+  // } | null | void
+  // should be inlined and not be printed in the multi-line variant
+  const shouldHug = shouldHugUnionType(node);
+
+  // We want to align the children but without its comment, so it looks like
+  // | child1
+  // // comment
+  // | child2
+  const printed = path.map(() => {
+    let printedType = print();
+    if (!shouldHug) {
+      printedType = align(2, printedType);
+    }
+
+    return printComments(path, printedType, options);
+  }, "types");
+
+  const { leading, trailing } = printCommentsSeparately(path, options);
+
+  if (shouldHug) {
+    return [leading, join(" | ", printed), trailing];
+  }
+
+  const shouldAddStartLine =
+    shouldIndent && !hasLeadingOwnLineComment(options.originalText, node);
+
+  const mainParts = [
+    ifBreak([shouldAddStartLine ? line : "", "| "]),
+    join([line, "| "], printed),
+  ];
+
+  if (needsParentheses(path, options)) {
+    return [leading, group([indent(mainParts), softline]), trailing];
+  }
+
+  const parts = [leading, group(mainParts)];
+
+  if (parent.type === "TupleTypeAnnotation" || parent.type === "TSTupleType") {
+    const elementTypes =
+      parent[
+        // TODO: Remove `types` when babel changes AST of `TupleTypeAnnotation`
+        parent.type === "TupleTypeAnnotation" && parent.types
+          ? "types"
+          : "elementTypes"
+      ];
+
+    if (elementTypes.length > 1) {
+      return [
+        group([
+          indent([ifBreak(["(", softline]), parts]),
+          softline,
+          ifBreak(")"),
+        ]),
+        trailing,
+      ];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return [group(shouldIndent ? indent(parts) : parts), trailing];
+}
+
+const isVoidType = createTypeCheckFunction([
+  "VoidTypeAnnotation",
+  "TSVoidKeyword",
+  "NullLiteralTypeAnnotation",
+  "TSNullKeyword",
+]);
+
+const isObjectLikeType = createTypeCheckFunction([
+  "ObjectTypeAnnotation",
+  "TSTypeLiteral",
+  // This is a bit aggressive but captures Array<{x}>
+  "GenericTypeAnnotation",
+  "TSTypeReference",
+]);
+
+function shouldHugUnionType(node) {
+  const { types } = node;
+  if (types.some((node) => hasComment(node))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const objectType = types.find((node) => isObjectLikeType(node));
+  if (!objectType) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return types.every((node) => node === objectType || isVoidType(node));
+}
+
+export { printUnionType, shouldHugUnionType };
diff --git a/src/language-js/printer.js b/src/language-js/printer.js
index c7839136f..27cd50d80 100644
--- a/src/language-js/printer.js
+++ b/src/language-js/printer.js
@@ -3,19 +3,17 @@ export const features = {
   experimental_avoidAstMutation: true,
 };
 export { default as massageAstNode } from "./clean.js";
-export {
-  canAttachComment,
-  handleComments,
-  isBlockComment,
-  isGap,
-  printComment,
-  willPrintOwnComments,
-} from "./comments/printer-methods.js";
+export { default as canAttachComment } from "./comments/can-attach-comment.js";
+export { default as handleComments } from "./comments/handle-comments.js";
+export { default as isGap } from "./comments/is-gap.js";
+export { default as willPrintOwnComments } from "./comments/will-print-own-comments.js";
 export { default as embed } from "./embed/index.js";
 export { insertPragma } from "./pragma.js";
+export { printComment } from "./print/comment.js";
 export {
   default as print,
   default as printPrettierIgnored,
 } from "./print/index.js";
 export { default as getVisitorKeys } from "./traverse/get-visitor-keys.js";
-export { default as hasPrettierIgnore } from "./utils/is-ignored.js";
+export { default as isBlockComment } from "./utilities/is-block-comment.js";
+export { default as hasPrettierIgnore } from "./utilities/is-ignored.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/print/semicolon.js b/src/language-js/semicolon/semicolon.js
similarity index 93%
rename from src/language-js/print/semicolon.js
rename to src/language-js/semicolon/semicolon.js
index c7a932696..b6c488035 100644
--- a/src/language-js/print/semicolon.js
+++ b/src/language-js/semicolon/semicolon.js
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import pathNeedsParens from "../needs-parens.js";
+import needsParentheses from "../parentheses/needs-parentheses.js";
+import { shouldPrintParamsWithoutParens } from "../print/function.js";
 import {
   getLeftSidePathName,
   hasNakedLeftSide,
   isJsxElement,
-} from "../utils/index.js";
-import { shouldPrintParamsWithoutParens } from "./function.js";
+} from "../utilities/index.js";
 
 function shouldPrintLeadingSemicolon(path, options) {
   if (
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ function expressionNeedsASIProtection(path, options) {
       }
   }
 
-  if (pathNeedsParens(path, options)) {
+  if (needsParentheses(path, options)) {
     return true;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/language-js/traverse/get-visitor-keys.js b/src/language-js/traverse/get-visitor-keys.js
index 96b5dbfd0..b9bdd2fc4 100644
--- a/src/language-js/traverse/get-visitor-keys.js
+++ b/src/language-js/traverse/get-visitor-keys.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createGetVisitorKeys from "../../utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
+import createGetVisitorKeys from "../../utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
 import visitorKeys from "./visitor-keys.evaluate.js";
 
 const getVisitorKeys = createGetVisitorKeys(visitorKeys);
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/create-type-check-function.js b/src/language-js/utilities/create-type-check-function.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/create-type-check-function.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/create-type-check-function.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/get-raw.js b/src/language-js/utilities/get-raw.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/get-raw.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/get-raw.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/get-shebang.js b/src/language-js/utilities/get-shebang.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/get-shebang.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/get-shebang.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/get-text-without-comments.js b/src/language-js/utilities/get-text-without-comments.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/get-text-without-comments.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/get-text-without-comments.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/index.js b/src/language-js/utilities/index.js
similarity index 98%
rename from src/language-js/utils/index.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/index.js
index a57eada69..6d6add2f6 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utils/index.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/index.js
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import { hasDescendant } from "../../utils/ast-utils.js";
-import getStringWidth from "../../utils/get-string-width.js";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex from "../../utils/is-next-line-empty.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import printString from "../../utils/print-string.js";
+import { hasDescendant } from "../../utilities/ast.js";
+import getStringWidth from "../../utilities/get-string-width.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex from "../../utilities/is-next-line-empty.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import printString from "../../utilities/print-string.js";
 import { hasSameLocStart, locEnd, locStart } from "../loc.js";
 import getVisitorKeys from "../traverse/get-visitor-keys.js";
 import createTypeCheckFunction from "./create-type-check-function.js";
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-block-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-block-comment.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/is-block-comment.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/is-block-comment.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-flow-keyword-type.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-flow-keyword-type.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/is-flow-keyword-type.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/is-flow-keyword-type.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-ignored.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-ignored.js
similarity index 75%
rename from src/language-js/utils/is-ignored.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/is-ignored.js
index 13cdbe11f..a2ec0857e 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utils/is-ignored.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-ignored.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { hasJsxIgnoreComment } from "../print/jsx.js";
-import { hasNodeIgnoreComment } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { hasNodeIgnoreComment } from "./index.js";
 
 function isIgnored(path) {
   return hasNodeIgnoreComment(path.node) || hasJsxIgnoreComment(path);
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-indentable-block-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-indentable-block-comment.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/is-indentable-block-comment.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/is-indentable-block-comment.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-line-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-line-comment.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/is-line-comment.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/is-line-comment.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/is-meaningful-empty-statement.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-node-matches.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-node-matches.js
similarity index 94%
rename from src/language-js/utils/is-node-matches.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/is-node-matches.js
index 91ca793a2..79d62f361 100644
--- a/src/language-js/utils/is-node-matches.js
+++ b/src/language-js/utilities/is-node-matches.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copied from https://github.com/sindresorhus/eslint-plugin-unicorn/blob/d53d935951aa815c763fc9441aa452c763294715/rules/utils/is-node-matches.js
+// Copied from https://github.com/sindresorhus/eslint-plugin-unicorn/blob/d53d935951aa815c763fc9441aa452c763294715/rules/utilities/is-node-matches.js
 
 /**
  * @import {Node} from "../types/estree.js"
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-ts-keyword-type.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-ts-keyword-type.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/is-ts-keyword-type.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/is-ts-keyword-type.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/is-type-cast-comment.js b/src/language-js/utilities/is-type-cast-comment.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/is-type-cast-comment.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/is-type-cast-comment.js
diff --git a/src/language-js/utils/vue-event-binding.js b/src/language-js/utilities/vue-event-binding.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-js/utils/vue-event-binding.js
rename to src/language-js/utilities/vue-event-binding.js
diff --git a/src/language-json/get-visitor-keys.js b/src/language-json/get-visitor-keys.js
index d58d77cf3..558c57e6b 100644
--- a/src/language-json/get-visitor-keys.js
+++ b/src/language-json/get-visitor-keys.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
+import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
 import visitorKeys from "./visitor-keys.js";
 
 const getVisitorKeys = createGetVisitorKeys(visitorKeys);
diff --git a/src/language-json/languages.evaluate.js b/src/language-json/languages.evaluate.js
index 949b686a3..d2cc41275 100644
--- a/src/language-json/languages.evaluate.js
+++ b/src/language-json/languages.evaluate.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as linguistLanguages from "linguist-languages";
-import createLanguage from "../utils/create-language.js";
+import createLanguage from "../utilities/create-language.js";
 
 // A list of files that are commonly generated by tools and should not be
 // formatted by the default JSON parser to avoid unwanted diffs.
diff --git a/src/language-json/parser-json.js b/src/language-json/parser-json.js
index 2746b5f7e..9f3247b14 100644
--- a/src/language-json/parser-json.js
+++ b/src/language-json/parser-json.js
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { parse, parseExpression } from "@babel/parser";
 import createError from "../common/parser-create-error.js";
-import createBabelParseError from "../language-js/parse/utils/create-babel-parse-error.js";
-import createParser from "../language-js/parse/utils/create-parser.js";
-import wrapBabelExpression from "../language-js/parse/utils/wrap-babel-expression.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import createBabelParseError from "../language-js/parse/utilities/create-babel-parse-error.js";
+import createParser from "../language-js/parse/utilities/create-parser.js";
+import wrapBabelExpression from "../language-js/parse/utilities/wrap-babel-expression.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 
 const babelParseOptions = {
   tokens: false,
diff --git a/src/language-json/printer-estree-json.js b/src/language-json/printer-estree-json.js
index 42a40c524..dd132aa43 100644
--- a/src/language-json/printer-estree-json.js
+++ b/src/language-json/printer-estree-json.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { hardline, indent, join } from "../document/index.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 
 function genericPrint(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/embed.js b/src/language-markdown/embed.js
index 0ff92ed74..b00b7903b 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/embed.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/embed.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { hardline, markAsRoot, replaceEndOfLine } from "../document/index.js";
-import getMaxContinuousCount from "../utils/get-max-continuous-count.js";
-import inferParser from "../utils/infer-parser.js";
-import { getFencedCodeBlockValue } from "./utils.js";
+import getMaxContinuousCount from "../utilities/get-max-continuous-count.js";
+import inferParser from "../utilities/infer-parser.js";
+import { getFencedCodeBlockValue } from "./utilities.js";
 
 function embed(path, options) {
   const { node } = path;
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/get-visitor-keys.js b/src/language-markdown/get-visitor-keys.js
index d58d77cf3..558c57e6b 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/get-visitor-keys.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/get-visitor-keys.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
+import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
 import visitorKeys from "./visitor-keys.js";
 
 const getVisitorKeys = createGetVisitorKeys(visitorKeys);
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/languages.evaluate.js b/src/language-markdown/languages.evaluate.js
index 15fddbcea..e37bd3be2 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/languages.evaluate.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/languages.evaluate.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as linguistLanguages from "linguist-languages";
-import createLanguage from "../utils/create-language.js";
+import createLanguage from "../utilities/create-language.js";
 
 const languages = [
   createLanguage(linguistLanguages.Markdown, (data) => ({
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/pragma.js b/src/language-markdown/pragma.js
index 10785416d..c9509494c 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/pragma.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/pragma.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {
   FORMAT_PRAGMA_TO_INSERT,
   MARKDOWN_HAS_IGNORE_PRAGMA_REGEXP,
   MARKDOWN_HAS_PRAGMA_REGEXP,
-} from "../utils/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
+} from "../utilities/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
 
 const hasPragma = (text) =>
   parseFrontMatter(text).content.trimStart().match(MARKDOWN_HAS_PRAGMA_REGEXP)
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/print-preprocess.js b/src/language-markdown/print-preprocess.js
index 521a91dec..4bfa85d0d 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/print-preprocess.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/print-preprocess.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import htmlWhitespaceUtils from "../utils/html-whitespace-utils.js";
-import { getOrderedListItemInfo, mapAst, splitText } from "./utils.js";
+import htmlWhitespace from "../utilities/html-whitespace.js";
+import { getOrderedListItemInfo, mapAst, splitText } from "./utilities.js";
 
 // 0x0 ~ 0x10ffff
 const isSingleCharRegex = /^\\?.$/su;
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ function splitTextIntoSentences(ast) {
       // CommonMark doesn't remove trailing/leading \f, but it should be
       // removed in the HTML rendering process
       if (index === 0) {
-        value = htmlWhitespaceUtils.trimStart(value);
+        value = htmlWhitespace.trimStart(value);
       }
       if (index === parentNode.children.length - 1) {
-        value = htmlWhitespaceUtils.trimEnd(value);
+        value = htmlWhitespace.trimEnd(value);
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/print-whitespace.js b/src/language-markdown/print-whitespace.js
index 3713b67f4..1f01f46e6 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/print-whitespace.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/print-whitespace.js
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import {
   KIND_CJK_PUNCTUATION,
   KIND_K_LETTER,
   KIND_NON_CJK,
-} from "./utils.js";
+} from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
- * @import {WordNode, WhitespaceValue, WordKind} from "./utils.js"
+ * @import {WordNode, WhitespaceValue, WordKind} from "./utilities.js"
  * @import AstPath from "../common/ast-path.js"
  * @typedef {"always" | "never" | "preserve"} ProseWrap
  * @typedef {{ next?: WordNode | null, previous?: WordNode | null }}
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/print/children.js b/src/language-markdown/print/children.js
index 8980a9c1a..daaa5e0a3 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/print/children.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/print/children.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {
   INLINE_NODE_TYPES,
   INLINE_NODE_WRAPPER_TYPES,
   isPrettierIgnore,
-} from "../utils.js";
+} from "../utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/print/list.js b/src/language-markdown/print/list.js
index 5f9ee860a..86ae1e663 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/print/list.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/print/list.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { align } from "../../document/index.js";
 import {
   getNthListSiblingIndex,
   hasGitDiffFriendlyOrderedList,
-} from "../utils.js";
+} from "../utilities.js";
 import { printChildren } from "./children.js";
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/print/table.js b/src/language-markdown/print/table.js
index c69218f7f..9f1165199 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/print/table.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/print/table.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
   join,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
 import { printDocToString } from "../../document/printer/printer.js";
-import getStringWidth from "../../utils/get-string-width.js";
+import getStringWidth from "../../utilities/get-string-width.js";
 
 function printTable(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/print/word.js b/src/language-markdown/print/word.js
index 66f4d1c8f..35feed9e4 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/print/word.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/print/word.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { PUNCTUATION_REGEXP } from "../constants.evaluate.js";
-import { isAutolink } from "../utils.js";
+import { isAutolink } from "../utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/printer-markdown.js b/src/language-markdown/printer-markdown.js
index 22a2a063e..60b572c65 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/printer-markdown.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/printer-markdown.js
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ import {
   replaceEndOfLine,
   softline,
 } from "../document/index.js";
-import getMaxContinuousCount from "../utils/get-max-continuous-count.js";
-import getMinNotPresentContinuousCount from "../utils/get-min-not-present-continuous-count.js";
-import getPreferredQuote from "../utils/get-preferred-quote.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import getMaxContinuousCount from "../utilities/get-max-continuous-count.js";
+import getMinNotPresentContinuousCount from "../utilities/get-min-not-present-continuous-count.js";
+import getPreferredQuote from "../utilities/get-preferred-quote.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 import clean from "./clean.js";
 import embed from "./embed.js";
 import getVisitorKeys from "./get-visitor-keys.js";
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import {
   isAutolink,
   isPrettierIgnore,
   splitText,
-} from "./utils.js";
+} from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import {Doc} from "../document/index.js"
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/unified-plugins/html-to-jsx.js b/src/language-markdown/unified-plugins/html-to-jsx.js
index c8d866632..cf0c4a609 100644
--- a/src/language-markdown/unified-plugins/html-to-jsx.js
+++ b/src/language-markdown/unified-plugins/html-to-jsx.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { COMMENT_REGEX } from "../mdx.js";
-import { INLINE_NODE_WRAPPER_TYPES, mapAst } from "../utils.js";
+import { INLINE_NODE_WRAPPER_TYPES, mapAst } from "../utilities.js";
 
 function htmlToJsx() {
   return (ast) =>
diff --git a/src/language-markdown/utils.js b/src/language-markdown/utilities.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/language-markdown/utils.js
rename to src/language-markdown/utilities.js
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/get-visitor-keys.js b/src/language-yaml/get-visitor-keys.js
index d58d77cf3..558c57e6b 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/get-visitor-keys.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/get-visitor-keys.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
+import createGetVisitorKeys from "../utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js";
 import visitorKeys from "./visitor-keys.js";
 
 const getVisitorKeys = createGetVisitorKeys(visitorKeys);
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/languages.evaluate.js b/src/language-yaml/languages.evaluate.js
index a0ded8978..5a709b1ff 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/languages.evaluate.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/languages.evaluate.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import * as linguistLanguages from "linguist-languages";
-import createLanguage from "../utils/create-language.js";
+import createLanguage from "../utilities/create-language.js";
 
 const ignoredFilenames = new Set([
   // `yarn.lock` is not YAML in Yarn v1: https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/issues/5629
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/pragma.js b/src/language-yaml/pragma.js
index 822bbc897..2c0878bd3 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/pragma.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/pragma.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {
   YAML_HAS_IGNORE_PRAGMA_REGEXP,
   YAML_HAS_PRAGMA_REGEXP,
   YAML_IS_PRAGMA_REGEXP,
-} from "../utils/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
+} from "../utilities/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js";
 
 const isPragma = (text) => YAML_IS_PRAGMA_REGEXP.test(text);
 const hasPragma = (text) => YAML_HAS_PRAGMA_REGEXP.test(text);
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/print-preprocess.js b/src/language-yaml/print-preprocess.js
index 2857036d7..f3ddf8aae 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/print-preprocess.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/print-preprocess.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { defineShortcut, mapNode } from "./utils.js";
+import { defineShortcut, mapNode } from "./utilities.js";
 
 function preprocess(ast) {
   return mapNode(ast, defineShortcuts);
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/print/block.js b/src/language-yaml/print/block.js
index f756ef61b..cddba7d33 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/print/block.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/print/block.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   getBlockValueLineContents,
   hasIndicatorComment,
   isLastDescendantNode,
-} from "../utils.js";
+} from "../utilities.js";
 import { alignWithSpaces } from "./misc.js";
 
 function printBlock(path, options, print) {
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/print/flow-mapping-sequence.js b/src/language-yaml/print/flow-mapping-sequence.js
index 634319f24..56e82cb3b 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/print/flow-mapping-sequence.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/print/flow-mapping-sequence.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
   line,
   softline,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { hasEndComments, isEmptyNode } from "../utils.js";
+import { hasEndComments, isEmptyNode } from "../utilities.js";
 import { alignWithSpaces, printNextEmptyLine } from "./misc.js";
 
 function printFlowMapping(path, options, print) {
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/print/mapping-item.js b/src/language-yaml/print/mapping-item.js
index 3eb1645c2..e0781eeca 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/print/mapping-item.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/print/mapping-item.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import {
   isEmptyNode,
   isInlineNode,
   isNode,
-} from "../utils.js";
+} from "../utilities.js";
 import { alignWithSpaces } from "./misc.js";
 
 function printMappingItem(path, options, print) {
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/print/misc.js b/src/language-yaml/print/misc.js
index c8ce4c5ae..96154f344 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/print/misc.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/print/misc.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { align, softline } from "../../document/index.js";
-import { hasEndComments, isNextLineEmpty, isNode } from "../utils.js";
+import { hasEndComments, isNextLineEmpty, isNode } from "../utilities.js";
 
 const printedEmptyLineCache = new WeakMap();
 function printNextEmptyLine(path, originalText) {
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/printer-yaml.js b/src/language-yaml/printer-yaml.js
index 5253eb554..834fad171 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/printer-yaml.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/printer-yaml.js
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import {
   lineSuffix,
   replaceEndOfLine,
 } from "../document/index.js";
-import isPreviousLineEmpty from "../utils/is-previous-line-empty.js";
-import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utils/unexpected-node-error.js";
+import isPreviousLineEmpty from "../utilities/is-previous-line-empty.js";
+import UnexpectedNodeError from "../utilities/unexpected-node-error.js";
 import clean from "./clean.js";
 import embed from "./embed.js";
 import getVisitorKeys from "./get-visitor-keys.js";
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ import {
   isInlineNode,
   isLastDescendantNode,
   isNode,
-} from "./utils.js";
+} from "./utilities.js";
 
 function genericPrint(path, options, print) {
   const { node } = path;
diff --git a/src/language-yaml/utils.js b/src/language-yaml/utilities.js
similarity index 99%
rename from src/language-yaml/utils.js
rename to src/language-yaml/utilities.js
index 9632ff9ea..90e5183ee 100644
--- a/src/language-yaml/utils.js
+++ b/src/language-yaml/utilities.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 
 /**
  * @param {any} value
diff --git a/src/main/comments/attach.js b/src/main/comments/attach.js
index 2a18ba4cb..ae8ed3b9c 100644
--- a/src/main/comments/attach.js
+++ b/src/main/comments/attach.js
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import * as assert from "#universal/assert";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
 import getSortedChildNodes from "../utilities/get-sorted-child-nodes.js";
 import {
   addDanglingComment,
   addLeadingComment,
   addTrailingComment,
-} from "./utils.js";
+} from "./utilities.js";
 
 /**
  * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
diff --git a/src/main/comments/print.js b/src/main/comments/print.js
index d9f84db6c..31a6ee6ee 100644
--- a/src/main/comments/print.js
+++ b/src/main/comments/print.js
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ import {
   line,
   lineSuffix,
 } from "../../document/index.js";
-import hasNewline from "../../utils/has-newline.js";
-import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utils/is-non-empty-array.js";
-import isPreviousLineEmpty from "../../utils/is-previous-line-empty.js";
-import { skipSpaces } from "../../utils/skip.js";
-import skipNewline from "../../utils/skip-newline.js";
+import hasNewline from "../../utilities/has-newline.js";
+import isNonEmptyArray from "../../utilities/is-non-empty-array.js";
+import isPreviousLineEmpty from "../../utilities/is-previous-line-empty.js";
+import { skipSpaces } from "../../utilities/skip.js";
+import skipNewline from "../../utilities/skip-newline.js";
 
 /**
  * @import AstPath from "../../common/ast-path.js"
diff --git a/src/main/comments/utils.js b/src/main/comments/utilities.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/main/comments/utils.js
rename to src/main/comments/utilities.js
diff --git a/src/main/core.js b/src/main/core.js
index 9a1ee5aa3..811733f1d 100644
--- a/src/main/core.js
+++ b/src/main/core.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
   printDocToDebug,
   printDocToString as printDocToStringWithoutNormalizeOptions,
 } from "../document/index.js";
-import getAlignmentSize from "../utils/get-alignment-size.js";
+import getAlignmentSize from "../utilities/get-alignment-size.js";
 import { prepareToPrint, printAstToDoc } from "./ast-to-doc.js";
 import getCursorLocation from "./get-cursor-node.js";
 import massageAst from "./massage-ast.js";
diff --git a/src/main/create-print-pre-check-function.js b/src/main/create-print-pre-check-function.js
index 352cd603b..191a74df0 100644
--- a/src/main/create-print-pre-check-function.js
+++ b/src/main/create-print-pre-check-function.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import noop from "../utils/noop.js";
+import noop from "../utilities/noop.js";
 
 function createPrintPreCheckFunction(options) {
   // All core plugins have full list of keys for possible child nodes
diff --git a/src/main/front-matter/embed.js b/src/main/front-matter/embed.js
index cc7544a0f..6b09022b5 100644
--- a/src/main/front-matter/embed.js
+++ b/src/main/front-matter/embed.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { hardline, markAsRoot } from "../../document/index.js";
-import inferParser from "../../utils/infer-parser.js";
+import inferParser from "../../utilities/infer-parser.js";
 import isFrontMatter from "./is-front-matter.js";
 
 const SUPPORTED_EMBED_LANGUAGES = new Set(["yaml", "toml"]);
diff --git a/src/main/get-cursor-node.js b/src/main/get-cursor-node.js
index 487b295e6..4d0585c23 100644
--- a/src/main/get-cursor-node.js
+++ b/src/main/get-cursor-node.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { getChildren, getDescendants, isLeaf } from "../utils/ast-utils.js";
+import { getChildren, getDescendants, isLeaf } from "../utilities/ast.js";
 
 /**
  * Find the location of the cursor in the AST, represented in one of the
diff --git a/src/main/massage-ast.js b/src/main/massage-ast.js
index 6d356c43d..49449ddb2 100644
--- a/src/main/massage-ast.js
+++ b/src/main/massage-ast.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import isObject from "../utils/is-object.js";
+import isObject from "../utilities/is-object.js";
 
 function massageAst(ast, options) {
   const { printer } = options;
diff --git a/src/main/normalize-format-options.js b/src/main/normalize-format-options.js
index e44ac92bc..08a1c2503 100644
--- a/src/main/normalize-format-options.js
+++ b/src/main/normalize-format-options.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { UndefinedParserError } from "../common/errors.js";
 import { getSupportInfo } from "../main/support.js";
-import inferParser from "../utils/infer-parser.js";
+import inferParser from "../utilities/infer-parser.js";
 import normalizeOptions from "./normalize-options.js";
 import {
   getParserPluginByParserName,
diff --git a/src/main/plugins/load-plugin.js b/src/main/plugins/load-plugin.js
index dd805ff9c..37f7c3bd7 100644
--- a/src/main/plugins/load-plugin.js
+++ b/src/main/plugins/load-plugin.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import path from "node:path";
 import { pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
 import { isUrl, toPath } from "url-or-path";
-import importFromDirectory from "../../utils/import-from-directory.js";
+import importFromDirectory from "../../utilities/import-from-directory.js";
 
 /**
 @param {string | URL} name
diff --git a/src/main/utilities/get-sorted-child-nodes.js b/src/main/utilities/get-sorted-child-nodes.js
index c0a3d33d4..b36f81710 100644
--- a/src/main/utilities/get-sorted-child-nodes.js
+++ b/src/main/utilities/get-sorted-child-nodes.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { getChildren } from "../../utils/ast-utils.js";
+import { getChildren } from "../../utilities/ast.js";
 
 function getSortedChildNodes(node, ancestors, options) {
   const { cache: childNodesCache } = options;
diff --git a/src/standalone.js b/src/standalone.js
index 8277956ee..e5ed71f06 100644
--- a/src/standalone.js
+++ b/src/standalone.js
@@ -53,4 +53,4 @@ export {
 };
 export * as doc from "./document/public.js";
 export { default as version } from "./main/version.evaluate.js";
-export * as util from "./utils/public.js";
+export * as util from "./utilities/public.js";
diff --git a/src/universal/assert.browser.js b/src/universal/assert.browser.js
index 06ff36e4c..b214413af 100644
--- a/src/universal/assert.browser.js
+++ b/src/universal/assert.browser.js
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ export {
   default as equal,
   default as ok,
   default as strictEqual,
-} from "../utils/noop.js";
+} from "../utilities/noop.js";
diff --git a/src/universal/index.js b/src/universal/index.js
index 91d2eaf1a..f56419142 100644
--- a/src/universal/index.js
+++ b/src/universal/index.js
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ const getFileBasename = (file) => {
 };
 
 export { getFileBasename };
-export { default as getInterpreter } from "../utils/get-interpreter.js";
+export { default as getInterpreter } from "../utilities/get-interpreter.js";
 export { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 export { isUrl } from "url-or-path";
diff --git a/src/utils/ast-utils.js b/src/utilities/ast.js
similarity index 95%
rename from src/utils/ast-utils.js
rename to src/utilities/ast.js
index 7d73e9dfe..b3437e5d1 100644
--- a/src/utils/ast-utils.js
+++ b/src/utilities/ast.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import isObject from "./is-object.js";
 
 /**
-@import {GetVisitorKeys, Node} from "../utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js"
+@import {GetVisitorKeys, Node} from "./create-get-visitor-keys.js"
 @typedef {(node: Node) => boolean} Predicate
 */
 
diff --git a/src/utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js b/src/utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js
rename to src/utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js
diff --git a/src/utils/create-group-id-mapper.js b/src/utilities/create-group-id-mapper.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/create-group-id-mapper.js
rename to src/utilities/create-group-id-mapper.js
diff --git a/src/utils/create-language.js b/src/utilities/create-language.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/create-language.js
rename to src/utilities/create-language.js
diff --git a/src/utils/create-mockable.js b/src/utilities/create-mockable.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/create-mockable.js
rename to src/utilities/create-mockable.js
diff --git a/src/utils/get-alignment-size.js b/src/utilities/get-alignment-size.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/get-alignment-size.js
rename to src/utilities/get-alignment-size.js
diff --git a/src/utils/get-indent-size.js b/src/utilities/get-indent-size.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/get-indent-size.js
rename to src/utilities/get-indent-size.js
diff --git a/src/utils/get-interpreter.js b/src/utilities/get-interpreter.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/get-interpreter.js
rename to src/utilities/get-interpreter.js
diff --git a/src/utils/get-max-continuous-count.js b/src/utilities/get-max-continuous-count.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/get-max-continuous-count.js
rename to src/utilities/get-max-continuous-count.js
diff --git a/src/utils/get-min-not-present-continuous-count.js b/src/utilities/get-min-not-present-continuous-count.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/get-min-not-present-continuous-count.js
rename to src/utilities/get-min-not-present-continuous-count.js
diff --git a/src/utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js b/src/utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js
rename to src/utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character-index.js
diff --git a/src/utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js b/src/utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js
rename to src/utilities/get-next-non-space-non-comment-character.js
diff --git a/src/utils/get-preferred-quote.js b/src/utilities/get-preferred-quote.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/get-preferred-quote.js
rename to src/utilities/get-preferred-quote.js
diff --git a/src/utils/get-string-width.js b/src/utilities/get-string-width.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/get-string-width.js
rename to src/utilities/get-string-width.js
diff --git a/src/utils/has-newline-in-range.js b/src/utilities/has-newline-in-range.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/has-newline-in-range.js
rename to src/utilities/has-newline-in-range.js
diff --git a/src/utils/has-newline.js b/src/utilities/has-newline.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/has-newline.js
rename to src/utilities/has-newline.js
diff --git a/src/utils/has-spaces.js b/src/utilities/has-spaces.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/has-spaces.js
rename to src/utilities/has-spaces.js
diff --git a/src/utilities/html-whitespace.js b/src/utilities/html-whitespace.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8923bd188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utilities/html-whitespace.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import WhitespaceUtilities from "./whitespace-utilities.js";
+
+// https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-whitespace
+const HTML_WHITESPACE_CHARACTERS = ["\t", "\n", "\f", "\r", " "];
+const htmlWhitespace = new WhitespaceUtilities(HTML_WHITESPACE_CHARACTERS);
+
+export default htmlWhitespace;
diff --git a/src/utils/ignore.js b/src/utilities/ignore.js
similarity index 98%
rename from src/utils/ignore.js
rename to src/utilities/ignore.js
index d86dffcb1..552498682 100644
--- a/src/utils/ignore.js
+++ b/src/utilities/ignore.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import url from "node:url";
 import createIgnore from "ignore";
 import { isUrl, toPath } from "url-or-path";
-import readFile from "../utils/read-file.js";
+import readFile from "./read-file.js";
 
 /** @type {(filePath: string) => string} */
 const slash =
diff --git a/src/utils/import-from-directory.js b/src/utilities/import-from-directory.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/import-from-directory.js
rename to src/utilities/import-from-directory.js
diff --git a/src/utils/import-from-file.js b/src/utilities/import-from-file.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/import-from-file.js
rename to src/utilities/import-from-file.js
diff --git a/src/utils/infer-parser.js b/src/utilities/infer-parser.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/infer-parser.js
rename to src/utilities/infer-parser.js
diff --git a/src/utils/is-next-line-empty.js b/src/utilities/is-next-line-empty.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/is-next-line-empty.js
rename to src/utilities/is-next-line-empty.js
diff --git a/src/utils/is-non-empty-array.js b/src/utilities/is-non-empty-array.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/is-non-empty-array.js
rename to src/utilities/is-non-empty-array.js
diff --git a/src/utils/is-object.js b/src/utilities/is-object.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/is-object.js
rename to src/utilities/is-object.js
diff --git a/src/utils/is-previous-line-empty.js b/src/utilities/is-previous-line-empty.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/is-previous-line-empty.js
rename to src/utilities/is-previous-line-empty.js
diff --git a/src/utils/line-column-to-index.js b/src/utilities/line-column-to-index.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/line-column-to-index.js
rename to src/utilities/line-column-to-index.js
diff --git a/src/utils/make-string.js b/src/utilities/make-string.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/make-string.js
rename to src/utilities/make-string.js
diff --git a/src/utils/narrow-emojis.evaluate.js b/src/utilities/narrow-emojis.evaluate.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/narrow-emojis.evaluate.js
rename to src/utilities/narrow-emojis.evaluate.js
diff --git a/src/utils/noop.js b/src/utilities/noop.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/noop.js
rename to src/utilities/noop.js
diff --git a/src/utils/object-omit.js b/src/utilities/object-omit.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/object-omit.js
rename to src/utilities/object-omit.js
diff --git a/src/utils/partition.js b/src/utilities/partition.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/partition.js
rename to src/utilities/partition.js
diff --git a/src/utils/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js b/src/utilities/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js
rename to src/utilities/pragma/pragma.evaluate.js
diff --git a/src/utils/print-number.js b/src/utilities/print-number.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/print-number.js
rename to src/utilities/print-number.js
diff --git a/src/utils/print-string.js b/src/utilities/print-string.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/print-string.js
rename to src/utilities/print-string.js
diff --git a/src/utils/public.js b/src/utilities/public.js
similarity index 99%
rename from src/utils/public.js
rename to src/utilities/public.js
index e967c5927..444db8690 100644
--- a/src/utils/public.js
+++ b/src/utilities/public.js
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ export {
   addDanglingComment,
   addLeadingComment,
   addTrailingComment,
-} from "../main/comments/utils.js";
+} from "../main/comments/utilities.js";
 export { default as getAlignmentSize } from "./get-alignment-size.js";
 export { default as getIndentSize } from "./get-indent-size.js";
 export { default as getMaxContinuousCount } from "./get-max-continuous-count.js";
diff --git a/src/utils/read-file.js b/src/utilities/read-file.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/read-file.js
rename to src/utilities/read-file.js
diff --git a/src/utils/require-from-file.js b/src/utilities/require-from-file.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/require-from-file.js
rename to src/utilities/require-from-file.js
diff --git a/src/utils/skip-inline-comment.js b/src/utilities/skip-inline-comment.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/skip-inline-comment.js
rename to src/utilities/skip-inline-comment.js
diff --git a/src/utils/skip-newline.js b/src/utilities/skip-newline.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/skip-newline.js
rename to src/utilities/skip-newline.js
diff --git a/src/utils/skip-trailing-comment.js b/src/utilities/skip-trailing-comment.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/skip-trailing-comment.js
rename to src/utilities/skip-trailing-comment.js
diff --git a/src/utils/skip.js b/src/utilities/skip.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/skip.js
rename to src/utilities/skip.js
diff --git a/src/utils/try-combinations.js b/src/utilities/try-combinations.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/try-combinations.js
rename to src/utilities/try-combinations.js
diff --git a/src/utils/unexpected-node-error.js b/src/utilities/unexpected-node-error.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/utils/unexpected-node-error.js
rename to src/utilities/unexpected-node-error.js
diff --git a/src/utils/whitespace-utils.js b/src/utilities/whitespace-utilities.js
similarity index 98%
rename from src/utils/whitespace-utils.js
rename to src/utilities/whitespace-utilities.js
index 9e9ee9c9b..7d451467a 100644
--- a/src/utils/whitespace-utils.js
+++ b/src/utilities/whitespace-utilities.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import escapeStringRegexp from "escape-string-regexp";
 
-class WhitespaceUtils {
+class WhitespaceUtilities {
   #whitespaceCharacters;
 
   constructor(whitespaceCharacters) {
@@ -151,4 +151,4 @@ class WhitespaceUtils {
   }
 }
 
-export default WhitespaceUtils;
+export default WhitespaceUtilities;
diff --git a/src/utils/html-whitespace-utils.js b/src/utils/html-whitespace-utils.js
deleted file mode 100644
index d87e832fb..000000000
--- a/src/utils/html-whitespace-utils.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-import WhitespaceUtils from "./whitespace-utils.js";
-
-// https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-whitespace
-const HTML_WHITESPACE_CHARACTERS = ["\t", "\n", "\f", "\r", " "];
-const htmlWhitespaceUtils = new WhitespaceUtils(HTML_WHITESPACE_CHARACTERS);
-
-export default htmlWhitespaceUtils;
diff --git a/tests/config/prettier-plugins/prettier-plugin-dummy-toml/index.js b/tests/config/prettier-plugins/prettier-plugin-dummy-toml/index.js
index 8523216a4..217d66ec1 100644
--- a/tests/config/prettier-plugins/prettier-plugin-dummy-toml/index.js
+++ b/tests/config/prettier-plugins/prettier-plugin-dummy-toml/index.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { outdent } from "outdent";
-import createPlugin from "../../utils/create-plugin.cjs";
+import createPlugin from "../../utilities/create-plugin.cjs";
 
 const plugin = createPlugin({
   name: "toml",
diff --git a/tests/config/prettier-plugins/prettier-plugin-uppercase-rocks/index.js b/tests/config/prettier-plugins/prettier-plugin-uppercase-rocks/index.js
index e3d8ea8a3..c2fca396b 100644
--- a/tests/config/prettier-plugins/prettier-plugin-uppercase-rocks/index.js
+++ b/tests/config/prettier-plugins/prettier-plugin-uppercase-rocks/index.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createPlugin from "../../utils/create-plugin.cjs";
+import createPlugin from "../../utilities/create-plugin.cjs";
 
 const plugin = createPlugin({
   name: "uppercase-rocks",
diff --git a/tests/config/require-standalone.cjs b/tests/config/require-standalone.cjs
index c02c30979..5a0ac7777 100644
--- a/tests/config/require-standalone.cjs
+++ b/tests/config/require-standalone.cjs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 "use strict";
 const vm = require("vm");
 const fastGlob = require("fast-glob");
-const createSandBox = require("./utils/create-sandbox.cjs");
+const createSandBox = require("./utilities/create-sandbox.cjs");
 
 const sandbox = createSandBox({
   files: fastGlob.sync(["standalone.js", "plugins/*.js"], {
diff --git a/tests/config/run-format-test.js b/tests/config/run-format-test.js
index 64bf003bf..c7fab1beb 100644
--- a/tests/config/run-format-test.js
+++ b/tests/config/run-format-test.js
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import url from "node:url";
 import createEsmUtils from "esm-utils";
 import getPrettier from "./get-prettier.js";
-import checkParsers from "./utils/check-parsers.js";
-import consistentEndOfLine from "./utils/consistent-end-of-line.js";
-import createSnapshot from "./utils/create-snapshot.js";
-import stringifyOptionsForTitle from "./utils/stringify-options-for-title.js";
-import visualizeEndOfLine from "./utils/visualize-end-of-line.js";
+import checkParsers from "./utilities/check-parsers.js";
+import consistentEndOfLine from "./utilities/consistent-end-of-line.js";
+import createSnapshot from "./utilities/create-snapshot.js";
+import stringifyOptionsForTitle from "./utilities/stringify-options-for-title.js";
+import visualizeEndOfLine from "./utilities/visualize-end-of-line.js";
 
 const { __dirname } = createEsmUtils(import.meta);
 
diff --git a/tests/config/utils/check-parsers.js b/tests/config/utilities/check-parsers.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utils/check-parsers.js
rename to tests/config/utilities/check-parsers.js
diff --git a/tests/config/utils/consistent-end-of-line.js b/tests/config/utilities/consistent-end-of-line.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utils/consistent-end-of-line.js
rename to tests/config/utilities/consistent-end-of-line.js
diff --git a/tests/config/utils/create-plugin.cjs b/tests/config/utilities/create-plugin.cjs
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utils/create-plugin.cjs
rename to tests/config/utilities/create-plugin.cjs
diff --git a/tests/config/utils/create-sandbox.cjs b/tests/config/utilities/create-sandbox.cjs
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utils/create-sandbox.cjs
rename to tests/config/utilities/create-sandbox.cjs
diff --git a/tests/config/utils/create-snapshot.js b/tests/config/utilities/create-snapshot.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utils/create-snapshot.js
rename to tests/config/utilities/create-snapshot.js
diff --git a/tests/config/utils/stringify-options-for-title.js b/tests/config/utilities/stringify-options-for-title.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utils/stringify-options-for-title.js
rename to tests/config/utilities/stringify-options-for-title.js
diff --git a/tests/config/utils/visualize-end-of-line.js b/tests/config/utilities/visualize-end-of-line.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utils/visualize-end-of-line.js
rename to tests/config/utilities/visualize-end-of-line.js
diff --git a/tests/config/utils/visualize-range.js b/tests/config/utilities/visualize-range.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/config/utils/visualize-range.js
rename to tests/config/utilities/visualize-range.js
diff --git a/tests/integration/__tests__/bundle.js b/tests/integration/__tests__/bundle.js
index 9e60e8708..2c05526ea 100644
--- a/tests/integration/__tests__/bundle.js
+++ b/tests/integration/__tests__/bundle.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import fastGlob from "fast-glob";
 import coreOptions from "../../../src/main/core-options.evaluate.js";
 import codeSamples from "../../../website/playground/codeSamples.mjs";
 import prettier from "../../config/prettier-entry.js";
-import createSandBox from "../../config/utils/create-sandbox.cjs";
+import createSandBox from "../../config/utilities/create-sandbox.cjs";
 import { projectRoot } from "../env.js";
 
 const { require, importModule } = createEsmUtils(import.meta);
diff --git a/tests/integration/__tests__/doc-utils-clean-doc.js b/tests/integration/__tests__/doc-utilities-clean-doc.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/integration/__tests__/doc-utils-clean-doc.js
rename to tests/integration/__tests__/doc-utilities-clean-doc.js
diff --git a/tests/integration/__tests__/plugin-override-buitin-plugins.js b/tests/integration/__tests__/plugin-override-buitin-plugins.js
index 9bc08ff03..50d408fba 100644
--- a/tests/integration/__tests__/plugin-override-buitin-plugins.js
+++ b/tests/integration/__tests__/plugin-override-buitin-plugins.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import prettier from "../../config/prettier-entry.js";
-import createPlugin from "../../config/utils/create-plugin.cjs";
+import createPlugin from "../../config/utilities/create-plugin.cjs";
 
 test("plugins can override builtin plugins", async () => {
   const outputWithoutPlugin = await prettier.format("foo()", {
diff --git a/tests/integration/__tests__/util-shared.js b/tests/integration/__tests__/public-utilities.js
similarity index 85%
rename from tests/integration/__tests__/util-shared.js
rename to tests/integration/__tests__/public-utilities.js
index 3cb6eaf08..62095c11d 100644
--- a/tests/integration/__tests__/util-shared.js
+++ b/tests/integration/__tests__/public-utilities.js
@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
 import prettier from "../../config/prettier-entry.js";
 
-const sharedUtil = prettier.util;
+const utilities = prettier.util;
 
 test("shared util has correct structure", () => {
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.getMaxContinuousCount).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.getStringWidth).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.getAlignmentSize).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.getIndentSize).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.skip).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.skipWhitespace).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.skipSpaces).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.skipToLineEnd).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.skipEverythingButNewLine).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.skipInlineComment).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.skipTrailingComment).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.skipNewline).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.hasNewline).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.hasNewlineInRange).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.hasSpaces).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.isNextLineEmpty).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.isPreviousLineEmpty).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex).toBe(
+  expect(typeof utilities.getMaxContinuousCount).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.getStringWidth).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.getAlignmentSize).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.getIndentSize).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.skip).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.skipWhitespace).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.skipSpaces).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.skipToLineEnd).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.skipEverythingButNewLine).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.skipInlineComment).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.skipTrailingComment).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.skipNewline).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.hasNewline).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.hasNewlineInRange).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.hasSpaces).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.isNextLineEmpty).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.isPreviousLineEmpty).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex).toBe(
     "function",
   );
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.makeString).toBe("function");
-  expect(typeof sharedUtil.getPreferredQuote).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.makeString).toBe("function");
+  expect(typeof utilities.getPreferredQuote).toBe("function");
 });
 
 test("sharedUtil.getMaxContinuousCount", () => {
-  const { getMaxContinuousCount } = sharedUtil;
+  const { getMaxContinuousCount } = utilities;
 
   expect(getMaxContinuousCount("|---|--|-|--|---|", "-")).toBe(3);
   expect(getMaxContinuousCount("|...|", ".")).toBe(3);
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test("sharedUtil.getMaxContinuousCount", () => {
 });
 
 test("sharedUtil.getStringWidth", () => {
-  const { getStringWidth } = sharedUtil;
+  const { getStringWidth } = utilities;
 
   // From https://github.com/sindresorhus/string-width/blob/main/test.js
   expect(getStringWidth("abcde")).toBe(5);
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ test("sharedUtil.getStringWidth", () => {
 });
 
 test("sharedUtil.getAlignmentSize", () => {
-  const { getAlignmentSize } = sharedUtil;
+  const { getAlignmentSize } = utilities;
   expect(getAlignmentSize("   ")).toBe(3);
   expect(getAlignmentSize("   ", /* tabWidth */ 2, /* startIndex */ 2)).toBe(1);
   expect(getAlignmentSize("\t\t", /* tabWidth */ 2)).toBe(4);
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ test("sharedUtil.getAlignmentSize", () => {
 });
 
 test("sharedUtil.getIndentSize", () => {
-  const { getIndentSize } = sharedUtil;
+  const { getIndentSize } = utilities;
   expect(getIndentSize("\n   a")).toBe(3);
   expect(getIndentSize("\n   a", /* tabWidth */ 2)).toBe(3);
   expect(getIndentSize("\n\t\ta", /* tabWidth */ 2)).toBe(4);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ test("sharedUtil.getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter and sharedUtil.getNextNonSpa
   const {
     getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter,
     getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacterIndex,
-  } = sharedUtil;
+  } = utilities;
   const FAKE_NODE = { type: "Identifier", name: "a" };
 
   {
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ test("sharedUtil.getNextNonSpaceNonCommentCharacter and sharedUtil.getNextNonSpa
 
 test("sharedUtil.isPreviousLineEmpty, sharedUtil.isNextLineEmpty and sharedUtil.isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex", () => {
   const { isPreviousLineEmpty, isNextLineEmpty, isNextLineEmptyAfterIndex } =
-    sharedUtil;
+    utilities;
   const FAKE_NODE_A = { type: "Identifier", name: "a" };
   const FAKE_NODE_B = { type: "Identifier", name: "b" };
 
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ test("sharedUtil.isPreviousLineEmpty, sharedUtil.isNextLineEmpty and sharedUtil.
 });
 
 test("sharedUtil.makeString", () => {
-  const { makeString } = sharedUtil;
+  const { makeString } = utilities;
   const DOUBLE_QUOTE = '"';
   const SINGLE_QUOTE = "'";
 
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ test("sharedUtil.makeString", () => {
 });
 
 test("sharedUtil.getPreferredQuote", () => {
-  const { getPreferredQuote } = sharedUtil;
+  const { getPreferredQuote } = utilities;
   const DOUBLE_QUOTE = '"';
   const SINGLE_QUOTE = "'";
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/__tests__/schema.js b/tests/integration/__tests__/schema.js
index 31f8b51db..218b9178f 100644
--- a/tests/integration/__tests__/schema.js
+++ b/tests/integration/__tests__/schema.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { generateSchemaData } from "../../../scripts/utils/generate-schema.js";
+import { generateSchemaData } from "../../../scripts/utilities/generate-schema.js";
 import prettier from "../../config/prettier-entry.js";
 
 test("schema", async () => {
diff --git a/tests/integration/cli/infer-parser/override-builtin-plugin-languages/dummy-js-plugin.js b/tests/integration/cli/infer-parser/override-builtin-plugin-languages/dummy-js-plugin.js
index ed9c1f03c..e73ff6e8d 100644
--- a/tests/integration/cli/infer-parser/override-builtin-plugin-languages/dummy-js-plugin.js
+++ b/tests/integration/cli/infer-parser/override-builtin-plugin-languages/dummy-js-plugin.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-import createPlugin from "../../../../config/utils/create-plugin.cjs";
+import createPlugin from "../../../../config/utilities/create-plugin.cjs";
 
 const PARSER_NAME = 'dummy-js-parser'
 const PRINT_MARK = `formatted by '${PARSER_NAME}' parser`
diff --git a/tests/integration/plugins/automatic/prettier-plugin-baz.js b/tests/integration/plugins/automatic/prettier-plugin-baz.js
index 61fa15fb7..a4dd32b3d 100644
--- a/tests/integration/plugins/automatic/prettier-plugin-baz.js
+++ b/tests/integration/plugins/automatic/prettier-plugin-baz.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import createPlugin from "../../../config/utils/create-plugin.cjs";
+import createPlugin from "../../../config/utilities/create-plugin.cjs";
 
 const plugin = createPlugin({
   name: "baz",
diff --git a/tests/integration/plugins/languages/is-supported.js b/tests/integration/plugins/languages/is-supported.js
index 5db7588f8..6bea97665 100644
--- a/tests/integration/plugins/languages/is-supported.js
+++ b/tests/integration/plugins/languages/is-supported.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "node:path";
-import createPlugin from "../../../config/utils/create-plugin.cjs";
+import createPlugin from "../../../config/utilities/create-plugin.cjs";
 
 const PARSER_NAME = "parser-name-inferred-from-language-is-supported";
 const PRINT_MARK = `formatted by '${PARSER_NAME}' parser`;
diff --git a/tests/unit/get-descendants.js b/tests/unit/get-descendants.js
index 521d5999c..037b15d1b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/get-descendants.js
+++ b/tests/unit/get-descendants.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { getDescendants } from "../../src/utils/ast-utils.js";
+import { getDescendants } from "../../src/utilities/ast.js";
 
 const tree = {
   id: "tree",
diff --git a/tests/unit/get-parser-plugin-by-parser-name.js b/tests/unit/get-parser-plugin-by-parser-name.js
index cf3fdd2a4..5abf26404 100644
--- a/tests/unit/get-parser-plugin-by-parser-name.js
+++ b/tests/unit/get-parser-plugin-by-parser-name.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { ConfigError } from "../../src/common/errors.js";
 import { getParserPluginByParserName } from "../../src/main/parser-and-printer.js";
-import createPlugin from "../config/utils/create-plugin.cjs";
+import createPlugin from "../config/utilities/create-plugin.cjs";
 
 describe("unit tests for getParserPluginByParserName", () => {
   const getMockPlugins = (name) => [
diff --git a/tests/unit/get-printer-plugin-by-ast-format.js b/tests/unit/get-printer-plugin-by-ast-format.js
index 61f75e735..d257293c3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/get-printer-plugin-by-ast-format.js
+++ b/tests/unit/get-printer-plugin-by-ast-format.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { ConfigError } from "../../src/common/errors.js";
 import { getPrinterPluginByAstFormat } from "../../src/main/parser-and-printer.js";
-import createPlugin from "../config/utils/create-plugin.cjs";
+import createPlugin from "../config/utilities/create-plugin.cjs";
 
 describe("unit tests for getPrinterPluginByAstFormat", () => {
   const getMockPlugins = (name) => [
diff --git a/tests/unit/make-string.js b/tests/unit/make-string.js
index b8f04bf66..206a1efae 100644
--- a/tests/unit/make-string.js
+++ b/tests/unit/make-string.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import makeString from "../../src/utils/make-string.js";
+import makeString from "../../src/utilities/make-string.js";
 
 const DOUBLE_QUOTE = '"';
 const SINGLE_QUOTE = "'";
diff --git a/tests/unit/whitespace-utils.js b/tests/unit/whitespace-utilities.js
similarity index 73%
rename from tests/unit/whitespace-utils.js
rename to tests/unit/whitespace-utilities.js
index 47193ce46..b2d22cd37 100644
--- a/tests/unit/whitespace-utils.js
+++ b/tests/unit/whitespace-utilities.js
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
-import WhitespaceUtils from "../../src/utils/whitespace-utils.js";
+import WhitespaceUtilities from "../../src/utilities/whitespace-utilities.js";
 
 it("constructor", () => {
-  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtils()).toThrow(TypeError);
-  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtils(1)).toThrow(TypeError);
-  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtils("")).toThrow(TypeError);
-  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtils([])).toThrow(TypeError);
-  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtils([""])).toThrow(TypeError);
-  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtils(["a"])).toThrow(TypeError);
-  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtils("a")).toThrow(TypeError);
-  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtils(["\r\n"])).toThrow(TypeError);
+  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtilities()).toThrow(TypeError);
+  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtilities(1)).toThrow(TypeError);
+  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtilities("")).toThrow(TypeError);
+  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtilities([])).toThrow(TypeError);
+  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtilities([""])).toThrow(TypeError);
+  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtilities(["a"])).toThrow(TypeError);
+  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtilities("a")).toThrow(TypeError);
+  expect(() => new WhitespaceUtilities(["\r\n"])).toThrow(TypeError);
 
-  expect(new WhitespaceUtils("\r\n")).toBeInstanceOf(WhitespaceUtils);
-  expect(new WhitespaceUtils(["\r", "\n"])).toBeInstanceOf(WhitespaceUtils);
+  expect(new WhitespaceUtilities("\r\n")).toBeInstanceOf(WhitespaceUtilities);
+  expect(new WhitespaceUtilities(["\r", "\n"])).toBeInstanceOf(
+    WhitespaceUtilities,
+  );
 });
 
-const utils = new WhitespaceUtils(" ");
+const utils = new WhitespaceUtilities(" ");
 describe("trimStart", () => {
   for (const [string, expected] of [
     ["", ""],
diff --git a/website/blog/2023-07-05-3.0.0.md b/website/blog/2023-07-05-3.0.0.md
index fdf99b40e..104a4639f 100644
--- a/website/blog/2023-07-05-3.0.0.md
+++ b/website/blog/2023-07-05-3.0.0.md
@@ -2092,14 +2092,14 @@ Align with other tools like ESLint and Stylelint.
 ```jsx
 // Prettier 2.8
 Checking formatting...
-[warn] src\utils\create-get-visitor-keys.js
-[warn] src\utils\unexpected-node-error.js
+[warn] src\utilities\create-get-visitor-keys.js
+[warn] src\utilities\unexpected-node-error.js
 [warn] Code style issues found in 2 files. Forgot to run Prettier?
 
 // Prettier 3.0
 Checking formatting...
-[warn] src/utils/create-get-visitor-keys.js
-[warn] src/utils/unexpected-node-error.js
+[warn] src/utilities/create-get-visitor-keys.js
+[warn] src/utilities/unexpected-node-error.js
 [warn] Code style issues found in 2 files. Forgot to run Prettier?
 ```
 
diff --git a/website/playground/Playground.jsx b/website/playground/Playground.jsx
index 5edd3b201..5e3f0bb9f 100644
--- a/website/playground/Playground.jsx
+++ b/website/playground/Playground.jsx
@@ -11,7 +11,14 @@ import { Checkbox } from "./sidebar/inputs.jsx";
 import Option from "./sidebar/options.jsx";
 import SidebarOptions from "./sidebar/SidebarOptions.jsx";
 import * as urlHash from "./urlHash.js";
-import * as util from "./util.js";
+import {
+  buildCliArgs,
+  convertOffsetToSelection,
+  convertSelectionToRange,
+  getAstAutoFold,
+  getCodemirrorMode,
+  getDefaults,
+} from "./utilities.js";
 
 const { React } = window;
 
@@ -61,10 +68,7 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
 
     const original = urlHash.read();
 
-    const defaultOptions = util.getDefaults(
-      props.availableOptions,
-      ENABLED_OPTIONS,
-    );
+    const defaultOptions = getDefaults(props.availableOptions, ENABLED_OPTIONS);
 
     const options = Object.assign(defaultOptions, original.options);
 
@@ -110,13 +114,13 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
       if (this.state.trackCursorOffset) {
         this.handleOptionValueChange(
           this.cursorOffsetOption,
-          util.convertSelectionToRange(selection, this.state.content)[0],
+          convertSelectionToRange(selection, this.state.content)[0],
         );
       }
     };
     this.setSelectionAsRange = () => {
       const { selection, content, options } = this.state;
-      const [rangeStart, rangeEnd] = util.convertSelectionToRange(
+      const [rangeStart, rangeEnd] = convertSelectionToRange(
         selection,
         content,
       );
@@ -182,7 +186,7 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
       "rangeEnd",
       "cursorOffset",
     ]);
-    const cliOptions = util.buildCliArgs(orderedOptions, options);
+    const cliOptions = buildCliArgs(orderedOptions, options);
 
     return formatMarkdown({
       input: content,
@@ -207,7 +211,7 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
     return this.props.worker
       .format(content, {
         parser: "__js_expression",
-        cursorOffset: util.convertSelectionToRange(selection, content)[0],
+        cursorOffset: convertSelectionToRange(selection, content)[0],
       })
       .then(({ error, formatted, cursorOffset }) => {
         if (error) {
@@ -216,7 +220,7 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
 
         this.setState({
           content: formatted,
-          selection: util.convertOffsetToSelection(cursorOffset, formatted),
+          selection: convertOffsetToSelection(cursorOffset, formatted),
         });
       });
   }
@@ -224,13 +228,13 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
   insertDummyId() {
     const { content, selection } = this.state;
     const dummyId = generateDummyId();
-    const range = util.convertSelectionToRange(selection, content);
+    const range = convertSelectionToRange(selection, content);
     const modifiedContent =
       content.slice(0, range[0]) + dummyId + content.slice(range[1]);
 
     this.setState({
       content: modifiedContent,
-      selection: util.convertOffsetToSelection(
+      selection: convertOffsetToSelection(
         range[0] + dummyId.length,
         modifiedContent,
       ),
@@ -420,7 +424,7 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
                     <div className="editors">
                       {editorState.showInput ? (
                         <InputPanel
-                          mode={util.getCodemirrorMode(options.parser)}
+                          mode={getCodemirrorMode(options.parser)}
                           ruler={options.printWidth}
                           value={content}
                           selection={this.state.selection}
@@ -439,13 +443,13 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
                       {editorState.showAst ? (
                         <DebugPanel
                           value={debug.ast || ""}
-                          autoFold={util.getAstAutoFold(options.parser)}
+                          autoFold={getAstAutoFold(options.parser)}
                         />
                       ) : null}
                       {editorState.showPreprocessedAst && !isDocExplorer ? (
                         <DebugPanel
                           value={debug.preprocessedAst || ""}
-                          autoFold={util.getAstAutoFold(options.parser)}
+                          autoFold={getAstAutoFold(options.parser)}
                         />
                       ) : null}
                       {editorState.showDoc && !isDocExplorer ? (
@@ -454,12 +458,12 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
                       {editorState.showComments && !isDocExplorer ? (
                         <DebugPanel
                           value={debug.comments || ""}
-                          autoFold={util.getAstAutoFold(options.parser)}
+                          autoFold={getAstAutoFold(options.parser)}
                         />
                       ) : null}
                       {editorState.showOutput ? (
                         <OutputPanel
-                          mode={util.getCodemirrorMode(options.parser)}
+                          mode={getCodemirrorMode(options.parser)}
                           value={formatted}
                           ruler={options.printWidth}
                           overlayStart={
@@ -472,7 +476,7 @@ class Playground extends React.Component {
                       ) : null}
                       {editorState.showSecondFormat && !isDocExplorer ? (
                         <OutputPanel
-                          mode={util.getCodemirrorMode(options.parser)}
+                          mode={getCodemirrorMode(options.parser)}
                           value={getSecondFormat(formatted, debug.reformatted)}
                           ruler={options.printWidth}
                         />
diff --git a/website/playground/index.jsx b/website/playground/index.jsx
index ef86d50d9..f26d4b325 100644
--- a/website/playground/index.jsx
+++ b/website/playground/index.jsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import "codemirror-graphql/cm6-legacy/mode.esm.js";
 import "./install-service-worker.js";
 
 import Playground from "./Playground.jsx";
-import { fixPrettierVersion } from "./util.js";
+import { fixPrettierVersion } from "./utilities.js";
 import VersionLink from "./VersionLink.jsx";
 import WorkerApi from "./WorkerApi.js";
 
diff --git a/website/playground/sidebar/SidebarOptions.jsx b/website/playground/sidebar/SidebarOptions.jsx
index f3f8bdbc7..f3b01d440 100644
--- a/website/playground/sidebar/SidebarOptions.jsx
+++ b/website/playground/sidebar/SidebarOptions.jsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { SidebarCategory } from "./components.jsx";
 import Option from "./options.jsx";
 
-// Copied from `/src/cli/utils.js`
+// Copied from `/src/cli/utilities.js`
 function groupBy(array, iteratee) {
   const result = Object.create(null);
 
diff --git a/website/playground/util.js b/website/playground/utilities.js
similarity index 100%
rename from website/playground/util.js
rename to website/playground/utilities.js